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How the Mind Can Be ‘Trained Like a Muscle’ to Focus – Try Using These Simple Exercises

When people say “I get distracted easily,” what they’re really saying is, “I receive less of the absolute miracle that is “focus” than other people.” Because when we consider the 10 million bytes of imagery data that the eyes give the brain every second or the 6,000 spontaneous thoughts we have each day, it truly seems like a miracle we can focus on anything at all.

As it turns out, far from being a miracle, focus can actually be trained and developed, just like a human muscle after months of pumping iron.

That is according to a professor of behavioral neuroscience named Dr. Amishi Jha, who has written a book called Peak Mind: Find Your Focus, Own Your Attention.

Her research shows that when people in high-demand jobs like soldiers, elite athletes, or emergency personnel invest 12 minutes a day for four-weeks doing simple mindfulness exercises, many aspects of cognitive and emotional health—including attention—are improved.

“The first step to better focus is accepting a key truth: you cannot just decide to have unfettered attention,” says Jha in a book review piece for The Guardian.

A lot of western ideas about mindfulness are drawn from eastern religious mediation practices. Some Buddhist meditations, for example, involve focusing on nothing—the supreme emptiness that pervades all other things, while Zen mediation focuses on thinking about nothing, but being aware of all things happening around you. Some Zen practitioners will even keep their eyes open.

RELATED: Stories or Music Can Synchronize the Heartbeats of Everyone Listening into a Single Rhythm

That’s not the kind of thing most people are able, or willing, to do. Yet Jha explains that attention can be trained through simple exercises.

Specifically, they involve daily steps that “exercise the brain in ways that it is prone to being weakened,” such as when we are brushing our teeth and immediately turn our attention to thinking about other things. One can develop the mental muscle to observe the present, instead of becoming lost in our monkey minds.

MORE: The Best Way to Eliminate Procrastination is Easier Than You Think, Says New Research

Jha’s book contains a lot of brain workouts, all centered around this sort of wisdom.

1: Paying attention to your breath and where in your body you feel it passing the most. Use your focus like a flashlight (a physical challenge of hers).

2: Don’t think of these exercises as peaceful reflection, or time to say “Om,” but rather a rigorous mental workout.

3: Don’t think of being calm, and instead try to imagine the goal of being alone in the middle of a four way intersection, watching people (your thoughts) pass along the crosswalks under each set of lights.

4: As with the breathing focus, spend three minutes a day focusing on the sensation of doing exactly what it is you are doing. If that’s showering, focus on that experience alone.

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“Keep company with people who uplift you, whose presence calls forth your best.” – Epictetus

Quote of the Day: “Keep company with people who uplift you, whose presence calls forth your best.” – Epictetus

Photo: by Dim Hou

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Sisters Recreate Adorable Photo – With Daughters Stepping into Roles That Dreamed of Motherhood

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Two sisters got pregnant around the same time—enabling them to recreate this adorable childhood photo of them, when they were dreaming of becoming mothers, and placed balloons under their nightgowns.

35-year-old Bri Dietz and her 33-year-old sister, Chaulet Barba, were ecstatic when they discovered they were both expecting.

Then, Bri immediately remembered a photo taken when the pair were just four and six years old, pretending to be pregnant with balloon bumps.

She knew that moment had to be recreated—so once they were both sporting bumps, they took a matching snap.

Bri gave birth to her daughter Goldie Dietz first, and a few months later Chaulet had Gemma.

To complete the circle, the new toddler cousins posed with balloons tucked under clothes in a photo identical to their moms’.

On Instagram Bri said, “It was so special to go through it together. It was actually a dream come true.

RELATED: Babies Mixed Up in Hospital, But Then Families Decide to Raise Them Together and They’re All Best Friends Now

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“It made it feel not only like it came full circle from playing as a kid, but it felt like a special sister moment. We got lucky to have a chance to recreate that.”

Bri and Chaulet were very close growing up, playing dolls and pretending to be mommies, and even now they talk on the phone every day.

“We chose to share a twin bed every night even though we each had our own,” said Bri, from San Diego, California.

LOOK: Puppy Siblings Adopted by Different Families Immediately Recognize Each Other During Walks One Year Later

Nurse Chaulet lives in Walnut Creek, about seven hours away from her sister, but they both knew they had to recreate that one funny photo from their childhood.

It immediately cropped up in her brain, 25 years later and she dug around until she found it.

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Today’s little girls are now as close as their moms are, and also love playing with their dolls together.

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Bri said of the image, “I hope it makes people remember that sweet time when you’re in this little world of your own with your siblings—a bond and a core is always there between us.”

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The Best Way to Eliminate Procrastination is Easier Than You Think, Says New Research

They say procrastination is the thief of time—actually deadlines are.

New research from the University of Otago has found that if you want someone to help you out with something, it is best not to set a deadline at all. But if you do set a deadline, make it short.

Professor Stephen Knowles, from the Otago Business School, Department of Economics, and his co-authors tested the effect of deadline length on task completion for their research.

Participants were invited to complete an online survey in which a donation goes to charity. They were given either one week, one month, or no deadline to respond.

Professor Knowles says the research began because he and his team—Dr Murat Genç, from Otago’s Department of Economics, Dr Trudy Sullivan, from Otago’s Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, and Professor Maroš Servátka, from the Macquarie Graduate School of Management—were interested in helping charities raise more money.

However, the results are applicable to any situation where someone asks another person for help. This could be asking a colleague for help at work or asking your partner to do something for you, Professor Knowles says.

RELATED: Embrace Your Darker Moods And You’ll Feel Happier in the Long Run, Say Scientists

The study found responses to the survey were lowest for the one-month deadline, and highest when no deadline was specified.

No deadline and the one-week deadline led to many early responses, while a long deadline appeared to give people permission to procrastinate, and then forget.

Professor Knowles wasn’t surprised to find that specifying a shorter deadline increased the chances of receiving a response compared to a longer deadline. However, he did find it interesting that they received the most responses when no deadline was specified.

“We interpret this as evidence that specifying a longer deadline, as opposed to a short deadline or no deadline at all, removes the urgency to act, which is often perceived by people when asked to help,” he says.

“People therefore put off undertaking the task, and since they are inattentive or forget, postponing it results in lower response rates.”

He says of the research, published in Economic Inquiry, that it is possible that not specifying a deadline might still have led participants to assume that there is an implicit deadline.

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Professor Knowles hopes his research can help reduce the amount of procrastinating people do.

“Many people procrastinate. They have the best intentions of helping someone out, but just do not get around to doing it.”

Source: University of Otago

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Australian Firefighters Pose With Adorable Rescued Wild Animals for Sizzling Charity Calendar – LOOK

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Australia’s firefighters are raising money for wildlife foundations by posing with their kit off for an annual calendar featuring adorable pets and endangered native wildlife.

The internationally acclaimed Australian Firefighters Calendar, now in its 29th year, is setting hearts on fire again.

With over 750 million Facebook views and distributed in over 100 countries last year, the world’s most iconic calendar is back bigger and better than ever.

The photoshoot is a 25-day animal lovers’ extravaganza. Much loved pets, Australian wildlife, farm animals, therapy, and rescue horses from all over the Southeast Queensland come together to take part in the photoshoot.

This year the usual five fan favourite editions will be available: the Classic, Cats, Dogs, Horse and Mixed Animal editions will be made available.

For the first time ever, the firefighters are also heating things up with a summer edition calendar featuring firefighters having fun in the sun on some of Australia’s most iconic beaches.

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The inaugural Summer calendar cover features Australia’s fittest firefighter, Matt Haydon.

MORE: Australian Firefighters Pose With Adorable Rescued Animals for Sizzling Wildlife Charity Calendar

This year the owners of much-loved cats and dogs entered their pets to take part in the photoshoot.

Crystal Doohan, Australian Firefighters’ Calendar Creative Director, said, “We received over 5,000 photos of every type of animal you can imagine to take part in the photoshoot and they entered from all over world.

“We even had a lady from Moscow that wanted fly her cat to Australia. It takes one month to sort through all the eligible entrants.”

There are many new faces in the 2022 editions. Ben Church is a firefighter from Western Australia that was selected to take part in the photoshoot.

Ben said, “I wanted to do it for my grandma and mom. They were so proud that I was selected to take part in the photoshoot.

“They embarrassed the heck out of me by emailing the calendar co-ordinators advising them I was the most handsome firefighter in Western Australia and the guys have not stopped reminding me of that! Thanks grandma and mom!”

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Another new face is Ricky Smith, a Brisbane-based Firefighter, who said, “I received a phone call congratulating me that I had been selected for the 2022 Australian Firefighters Calendar.

“I thought to myself that I had never sent an application in? What is this guy talking about?

“I found out later that my girlfriend had done it without me knowing. Before I knew it I was standing in front of seven members of the photography team. I was absolutely terrified. I have never even taken a selfie!”

The recipients of donations from this year’s calendar are heavily focused on community animal welfare groups.

RELATED: World’s Last Known ‘Dinosaur Trees’ Saved From Australian Bushfires Thanks to Determined Firefighters

These include Native Animal Rescue, Wildcare Inc, Safe Haven Animal Rescue, Australian Seabird Rescue, Fauna Rescue of SA, Healing Hooves, Reason to Thrive, Kids with Cancer Foundation, and the Currumbin Wildlife Hospital.

David Rogers, Director of the Australian Firefighters’ Calendar, said, “The unsung work that many of these volunteer-based organizations do is outstanding.

“Without these dedicated wildlife warriors, many sick and injured domestic and wildlife animals simply would not survive.

“These wonderful people are the reason we try so hard to produce calendars that not only help raise funds and awareness but also honor their work.”

Time to check out some of 2022’s photos.

You know what they say: Everybody needs good neighbors…

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Don’t this sweet pair look like the best of pals?

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These two seem to enjoy the skating life.

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That’s some lap dog.

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Who’s cuter? It really is hard to say.

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How could this little duckling not raise a grin?

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If you look under the Christmas tree, you’re in for a giant smile.

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Inspired to Save Their Arctic Home, This First Nation Installs 300KW Solar Station

Owen Miles by Michael Wrinch/Hedgehog Technologies
Owen Miles by Michael Wrinch/Hedgehog Technologies

Ontario’s northernmost First Nation has switched on a 300 kilowatt solar power station, freeing them from the burden of flying diesel by charter plane 500 miles up the Canadian coastline.

The station will generate money, power, and jobs for the community of Fort Severn, and reduce their consumption of fuel for both electricity and fuel transportation by around 400,000 liters of diesel a year.

Did you ever watch the program Ice Road Truckers on the Discovery Channel? The season finale could easily have been a trip to Fort Severin. The grueling 480-mile road trip through what is thought the world’s longest winter road, the Wapusk Trail, is a frozen wilderness during the winter, and a mud slog during the summer—that season is becoming onger and warmer, and thus the road is becoming muddier for longer periods of time.

Small planes loaded with diesel have until recently been the only reliable means of energy delivery. After decades of enduring this frontier-of-all-frontiers living, in 2016 the recently-elected Chief Paul Burke decided to embark on the solar power project despite huge challenges.

“If you want something for your community, you got to go and get it,” Chief Burke told CBC over the phone. “You can’t just sit there twiddling your thumbs and waiting for something to happen. So that’s what I did.”

Just getting humans to Fort Severin, let alone the materials and parts for a big solar energy project, was a major challenge on its own. The only way to get materials to the community was by the Wapusk Trail, or on one single barge trip per year, which places an expensive toll on simple human error.

RELATED: Solar is Now the Cheapest Electricity in History and Just Met 100% of Demand in South Australia For First Time

“Say you don’t have enough wire or you’re missing a special tool. Well, you immediately have to charter a plane three hours south to pick something up and then fly back,” said Michael Wrinch, the project manager and president of Hedgehog Technologies. “If you forget anything, it’s an expensive mistake. And then next is getting the big items up there.”

Fort Severn from the sky by Charles Lewthwaite/Hedgehog Technologies

Now, however, the power station is finished and operating, giving power to around 550 people and generating income, enough to help tackle a real estate issue in the community, which needs around 40 houses for people.

MORE: Breakthrough 3D Solar Panel Design Increases Light Absorption By 125% – A Potential Game-Changer

Arctic Zones are just as temperamental with their cloud patterns and precipitation as Temperate Zones, and so Chief Burke is already digging into the next sleep-losing challenge: wind power.

It’s a story that reminds the world what renewables can do, and how few excuses federal governments and municipalities have for installing them. If Fort Severin can do it, anyone can.

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“We must not confuse dissent with disloyalty… We cannot defend freedom abroad by deserting it at home.” – Edward R. Murrow (launched See It Now 70 years ago)

Quote of the Day: “We must not confuse dissent with disloyalty… We cannot defend freedom abroad by deserting it at home.” – Edward R. Murrow (70 years ago he launched See It Now)

Photo: by @mhrezaa

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Scientists Discover How Intricate Spider Webs Are Made By Brains That Are a Fraction of the Size of a Human’s

Johns Hopkins University researchers discovered precisely how spiders build webs by using night vision and artificial intelligence to track and record every movement of all eight legs as spiders worked in the dark.

Their creation of a web-building playbook or algorithm brings new understanding of how creatures with brains a fraction of the size of a human’s can create structures of such elegance, complexity, and geometric precision.

“I first got interested in this topic while I was out birding with my son,” said senior author Andrew Gordus, a behavioral biologist in the Department of Biology in the Krieger School of Arts and Sciences. “After seeing a spectacular web, I thought, ‘if you went to a zoo and saw a chimpanzee building this you’d think that’s one amazing and impressive chimpanzee.’ Well this is even more amazing because a spider’s brain is so tiny and I was frustrated that we didn’t know more about how this remarkable behavior occurs. Now we’ve defined the entire choreography for web building, which has never been done for any animal architecture at this fine of a resolution.”

Web-weaving spiders that build blindly using only the sense of touch have fascinated humans for centuries. Not all spiders build webs but those that do are among a subset of animal species known for their architectural creations, like nest-building birds and puffer fish that create elaborate sand circles when mating.

The first step to understanding how the relatively small brains of these animal architects support their high-level construction projects is to systematically document and analyze the behaviors and motor skills involved, which until now has never been done, mainly because of the challenges of capturing and recording the actions, Gordus said.

CHECK OUT: MIT Scientists Spin Some Music Out of Spider Webs

Here his team studied a hackled orb weaver, a spider native to the western United States that’s small enough to sit comfortably on a fingertip. To observe the spiders during their nighttime web-building work, the lab designed an arena with infrared cameras and infrared lights. With that set-up they monitored and recorded six spiders every night as they constructed webs. They tracked the millions of individual leg actions with machine vision software designed specifically to detect limb movement.

“Even if you video record it, that’s a lot of legs to track, over a long time, across many individuals,” said lead author Abel Corver, a graduate student studying web-making and neurophysiology. “It’s just too much to go through every frame and annotate the leg points by hand so we trained machine vision software to detect the posture of the spider, frame by frame, so we could document everything the legs do to build an entire web.”

They found that web-making behaviors are quite similar across spiders, so much so that the researchers were able to predict the part of a web a spider was working on just from seeing the position of a leg.

RELATED: Company Mimics Spiders to Create Lustrous Faux Silk That is 1,000x More Energy Efficient

“Even if the final structure is a little different, the rules they use to build the web are the same,” Gordus said. “They’re all using the same rules, which confirms the rules are encoded in their brains. Now we want to know how those rules are encoded at the level of neurons.”

The findings, now available online, are set to publish in the November issue of Current Biology.

Future work for the lab includes experiments with mind-altering drugs to determine which circuits in the spider’s brain are responsible for the various stages of web-building.

“The spider is fascinating because here you have an animal with a brain built on the same fundamental building blocks as our own, and this work could give us hints on how we can understand larger brain systems, including humans, and I think that’s very exciting,” Corver said.

Source: Johns Hopkins University

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Rare Canadian Cat Has Thumbs Making His Paws Look Like Cute Mittens

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Meet Teddy, the adorable polydactyl cat who was born with extra toes that make his front paws look, like human hands.

Three-year-old domestic shorthair Teddy is a polydactyl, which means he has extra toes on his hind feet and two thumbs which makes his front paws look like mittens.

Teddy, who lives with his owner Selvynna Tang in Vancouver, British Colombia, has his own Instagram page and his adorable condition brings joy to his thousands of feline  followers.

Selvynna said, “Teddy is my little buddy! We spend a lot of time together, from working and relaxing at home, to walks and road trips! Teddy is used to going on adventures, so we get to do a lot of things together.

“The extra toes do not affect him too much. If the claws grow too long, it makes a tapping sound when he walks on my wood floors, and I will have to trim it, like any other claw. If the claw is too long it can sometimes get stuck on his scratching post too.

“On the grand scheme of things, Teddy is fairly low maintenance. He likes to sleep a lot, particularly during the work hours, which works out for me!

RELATED: Doberman Dog Nurses Tiny Abandoned Kitten Alongside Her Pups – the Adorable Photos Will Melt Your Heart

Normal cats have a total of 18 toes, with five toes on each fore paw, and four toes on each hind paw.

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Polydactyl cats may have as many as nine digits on their front or hind paws.

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Both Jake, a Canadian polydactyl cat, and Paws, an American polydactyl cat, were recognized by Guinness World Records as having the highest number of toes on a cat, 28.

MORE: Minnesota Teen Builds Free Wheelchairs for Disabled Dogs and Cats – And Soon a Duck (WATCH)

“Cats are very adaptable,” said Selvynna, “and they don’t know they are any different because that’s all they know. Even cats who are blind or deaf or even missing a limb can live very full lives.”

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Bee Expert Finds 800,000 Wild Honeybees Thriving in Ancient English Forest, Now Naturalists are Buzzing With Hope

Filipe Salbany

Even in a place as populated and developed as southeast England, there are still ecological surprises waiting for those willing enough to be patient and wander far enough.

Filipe Salbany

800,000 native honeybees, which some thought to be extinct, were found in an ancient oak woodland at Blenheim Palace in Oxfordshire, England. Experts said they could be the last remaining descendants of the British isle’s original forest honeybee populations.

If true, this would represent one heck of a second chance for the subspecies—because they are thriving.

The insects were found living in the hollow of some oak trees—typical for this forest bee species. The hollow was tiny, and quite high in elevation. Curiously, there had been no record of any bees living in Blenheim before, and immediate thoughts turned to escaped swarms of domesticated bees from nearby hives.

A bee-keeping veteran with more than 40 years experience, Filipe Salbany, would end up finding 50 separate colonies of bees in the estate’s forest. The grounds have had no gardening activity and the property isn’t open to the public, so this has truly been a ‘rewilding’ area.

He’s convinced they belong to the subspecies that probably should be called ‘Ye Olde Englishe Bee.’

“A wild bee that has adapted to the environment is called an ecotype, and this bee could be a very precious ecotype—the first wild bee that is completely adapted to living in the oak forest,” Salbany told the Guardian. 

RELATED: These Homegrown Mushroom Hives Could Save Ireland’s Bees

Smaller, darker, and furrier than imported European honeybees, the hermit hive members also displayed a resistance to temperatures as low as 39 °F (4 °C), about ten degrees lower than what causes normal bees to stop flying. The low temps also ward off the bee’s nemesis, the Varroa mite.

Blenheim Palace

“They are not from the imported stocks of bees that people bring in. The wings are smaller and their veins are very distinct,” says Salbany, who has almost finished his physical examinations. “They have had no treatment for the varroa mite—yet they’re not dying off.”

MORE: Orchids Make Fake Pollen to Tempt the Bees – But Scientists Discover it’s as Valuable as the Real Thing

The woods are a paradise of biodiversity, and no managed hives within the 400 acre estate are the main reasons which Salbany is giving for why the bees have likely remained strong through at least 200 years of history, that figure being the chronological age of the oldest tree-hollow hive found so far.

Featured image: Danny Perez, CC license

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“Success is the ability to go from failure to failure without losing your enthusiasm.” – Winston Churchill

- credit: Quinn Dombrowski, CC 2.0. via Flickr.

Quote of the Day: “Success is the ability to go from failure to failure without losing your enthusiasm.” – Winston Churchill

Photo: by Quinn Dombrowski, CC license on Flickr

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Kindness Book is a Perfect Holiday Gift, With Proceeds All Going to Charity

We’re always looking for books that inspire us to feel optimistic and positive about the world, and we are loving this one: HumanKind: Changing the World One Small Act At a Time.

Author Brad Aronson was inspired to write HumanKind when his family went through one of the most difficult times of their lives. His wife, Mia, was in the middle of two and a half years of treatment for leukemia when a patient advocate suggested that Mia, Brad, and their five-year-old son, Jack, create projects to provide a purpose, a distraction and a focus for the hours they were spending in the hospital every week.

Brad Aaronson and family

For Brad’s project, he wrote about the small acts of kindness by friends and strangers that carried his family through that difficult time.

But when he was done, he felt compelled to keep going. What about all the other stories out there? Other stories about seemingly small acts of kindness that had an extraordinary impact, often changing thousands of lives? He decided to seek them out—and those are the golden threads that weave a heartfelt tapestry in this book.

In HumanKind you’ll meet Rita Schiavone, who decided to cook an extra portion of dinner every night to feed to someone in need. Her evening ritual led to a movement that now provides more than 500,000 meals a year. You’ll also meet Larry Stewart, who was homeless when he received a $20 gift that inspired him to become a Secret Santa when he got back on his feet. He went on to give a total of $1.5 million to strangers in need and build a team of thousands who serve their own communities as Secret Santas. Then there’s 6-year-old Gabriel, whose simple request started a global kindness movement. You’ll meet many, many more heroes like these, as well.

HumanKind will inspire you to see the good in the world—and join in. Each chapter concludes with a ‘What We Can Do’ section, containing practical opportunities for how we can all help. And the ‘Hall of Fame’ at the end of the book has a well-vetted list of nonprofits that can guide you to easily channel your energies for good.

The pages will leave you feeling warm and grateful. And in keeping with the book’s theme, all proceeds from this national bestseller go to the nonprofit Big Brothers Big Sisters.

HumanKind is a popular gift for friends, family, employees, clients and board members. You can order five or more copies from the author and pay only $9.50 for each book (40% Discount).

You can buy HumanKind on the book’s website or Amazon or Barnes and Noble or other retailers.

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How an Oyster Can Form a Perfectly Symmetrical Pearl – Better Than We Humans, With All Our Technology

Manfred Heye, CC license

In research that could inform future high-performance nanomaterials, a University of Michigan-led team has uncovered for the first time how mollusks build ultradurable structures with a level of symmetry that outstrips everything else in the natural world, with the exception of individual atoms.

“We humans, with all our access to technology, can’t make something with a nanoscale architecture as intricate as a pearl,” said Robert Hovden, University of Michigan assistant professor of materials science and engineering and an author on the paper. “So we can learn a lot by studying how pearls go from disordered nothingness to this remarkably symmetrical structure.”

The study found that a pearl’s symmetry becomes more and more precise as it builds, answering centuries-old questions about how the disorder at its center becomes a sort of perfection.

Layers of nacre, the iridescent and extremely durable organic-inorganic composite that also makes up the shells of oysters and other mollusks, build on a shard of aragonite that surrounds an organic center.

The layers, which make up more than 90% of a pearl’s volume, become progressively thinner and more closely matched as they build outward from the center.

CHECK OUT: The Incredible Mathematics of Snowflakes

Perhaps the most surprising finding is that mollusks maintain the symmetry of their pearls by adjusting the thickness of each layer of nacre. If one layer is thicker, the next tends to be thinner, and vice versa. The pearl pictured in the study contains 2,615 finely matched layers of nacre, deposited over 548 days.

University of Michigan

“These thin, smooth layers of nacre look a little like bed sheets, with organic matter in between,” Hovden said. “There’s interaction between each layer, and we hypothesize that that interaction is what enables the system to correct as it goes along.”

The team also uncovered details about how the interaction between layers works. A mathematical analysis of the pearl’s layers show that they follow a phenomenon known as “1/f noise,” where a series of events that seem to be random are connected, with each new event influenced by the one before it. 1/f noise has been shown to govern a wide variety of natural and human-made processes including seismic activity, economic markets, electricity, physics and even classical music.

RELATED: New Mathematical Formula Unveiled to Prevent AI From Making Unethical Decisions

“When you roll dice, for example, every roll is completely independent and disconnected from every other roll. But 1/f noise is different in that each event is linked,” Hovden said. “We can’t predict it, but we can see a structure in the chaos. And within that structure are complex mechanisms that enable a pearl’s thousands of layers of nacre to coalesce toward order and precision.”

Electron microscopy shows how a pearl’s layers of nacre become more precise as they build outward from the pearl’s center/University of Michigan

The team found that pearls lack true long-range order—the kind of carefully planned symmetry that keeps the hundreds of layers in brick buildings consistent. Instead, pearls exhibit medium-range order, maintaining symmetry for around 20 layers at a time. This is enough to maintain consistency and durability over the thousands of layers that make up a pearl.

The team gathered their observations by studying Akoya “keshi” pearls, produced by the Pinctada imbricata fucata oyster near the Eastern shoreline of Australia.

They selected these particular pearls, which measure around 50 millimeters in diameter, because they form naturally, as opposed to bead-cultured pearls, which have an artificial center. Each pearl was cut with a diamond wire saw into sections measuring three to five millimeters in diameter, then polished and examined under an electron microscope.

MORE: The Mind-Blowing Mathematics of Sunflowers 

Hovden says the study’s findings, published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, could help inform next-generation materials with precisely layered nanoscale architecture.

“When we build something like a brick building, we can build in periodicity through careful planning and measuring and templating,” he said. “Mollusks can achieve similar results on the nanoscale by using a different strategy. So we have a lot to learn from them, and that knowledge could help us make stronger, lighter materials in the future.”

Source: University of Michigan

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World’s Most Premature Baby Defies 1% Survival Odds to Break Guinness Record

This article has been reprinted with permission from Guinness World Records

Guinness World Records

Born in July 2020, exactly one month after the previous world’s most premature baby, Curtis Zy-Keith Means from Alabama, USA, would go on to make history.

Initially, Michelle “Chelly” Butler’s pregnancy seemed to be progressing well and on track to go to full term. But on 4 July 2020, she had to be rushed into hospital for emergency surgery.

She was quickly transferred from her local hospital to the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), which is heralded for having one of the leading neonatology and paediatric departments in the country.

Thanks to the quick response of the experienced medical team at the Regional Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (RNICU), following his mother’s wishes, Curtis was delivered at a gestational age of 21 weeks 1 day (148 days) at around 1 p.m. on 5 July.

His original due date had been 11 November. A full-term pregnancy is typically 40 weeks, or 280 days, making Curtis 132 days—almost 19 weeks—premature.

Guinness World Records

As a newborn, Curtis weighed only 420 g (14.8 oz), which is about the same as a soccer ball.

RELATED: Babies Mixed Up in Hospital, But Then Families Decide to Raise Them Together and They’re All Best Friends Now

“The medical staff told me that they don’t normally keep babies at that age,” Chelly told Guinness World Records in an exclusive interview. “It was very stressful.”

To everyone’s amazement, Curtis responded extraordinarily well to treatment and, as the days and weeks went on, he grew stronger and stronger.

That said, there were many challenges along the way and he required around-the-clock care for many months.

This incredible story of joy and beating the odds is tempered with heartache because Curtis was one of twins.

Also delivered at 21 weeks 1 day, his sister—C’Asya Means—was less developed and did not respond to the treatment in the way her brother did. Tragically, she passed away just a day after birth.

Guinness World Records

For the vast majority of preterm babies born this early on, the chances of a long-term future are vanishingly slim. This is what makes Curtis’ recovery all the more exceptional.

Dr Brian Sims, the neonatologist on duty who oversaw the twins’ delivery and who was greatly involved with Curtis’ subsequent treatment, told us, “The numbers say that babies at this age will not survive. Mom’s question to me was: ‘Can we give my babies a chance?'”

LOOK: First Neonatal Wearable Could Provide Real-time Detection of Jaundice and Vital Signs

After 275 days (about nine months) of being looked after by a huge team at the RNICU and the wider Women and Infants Center, it was determined that Curtis was fit enough to go home on 6 April 2021.

His discharge from the hospital was only made possible with a tailored course of medication and special equipment such as bottled oxygen and a feeding tube, but it was nevertheless a major milestone on his extraordinary journey.

Guinness World Records

Curtis, or “Poodie” as his family also call him, celebrated his first birthday on 5 July 2021. At this point he qualified as the most premature baby to survive.

He has three siblings, the eldest of which love to help out with day-to-day care such as bathtime, getting dressed and feeding.

MORE: Lullabies Can Actually Improve the Health of Premature Babies in Hospital –And Their Family’s Health Too

“He’s very active. I’m tired already!” Chelly told us with a grin when asked about her son’s energy levels.

“I’m very proud of him because where he came from and where he at now, I can tell the difference.

READ: Research Shows Babies Are Relaxed By Lullabies Even in Foreign Languages: The Frère Jacques Response

“Having this record is a blessing that he has accomplished and I’m thankful that [Guinness World Records] accepted him.”

Guinness World Records

Now in November—which is aptly Prematurity Awareness Month—Curtis is about to see in what would have been his first birthday (11 November) had he gone to full term.

Of course, setting records was the last thing on the mind of his mother and the doctors at the time of his delivery.

At that point, it was all about getting through those extremely challenging first minutes, hours and days.

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“He showed initially that he responded to oxygen, his heart rate went up, his numbers went up…” Dr Sims informed us.

“He was giving us a lot of positive feedback that… he wanted to survive.”

From the very beginning, Dr Sims was astounded by Curtis’ resilience. “I’ve been doing this almost 20 years… but I’ve never seen a baby this young be as strong as he was… There was something special about Curtis.”

(WATCH the video for this story below.)

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13-Year-old Boy Granted a “Make-A-Wish” and Uses It to Feed the Homeless Every Month for a Year

Abraham Olagbegi family photo Make a Wish YouTube
Abraham Olagbegi; family photo/Make-a-Wish;YouTube

When life hands you a miracle, you can bask in its glow—or you can pay it forward.

Abraham Olagbegi was 12 years old when he and his family learned that without a bone marrow transplant, the rare blood disease he’d been born with might prove fatal.

Fast forward one year, one successful transplant, and an intense schedule of chemotherapy later, and Abraham is out of the hospital and his prognosis is promising—but that’s not the only good news.

Over the course of his illness, Abraham learned he’d qualified as a recipient for Make-A-Wish, a charitable organization whose purpose is to make the dreams of seriously ill children come true one wish at a time. Rather than something for himself, Abraham chose to show thanks for his good fortune by passing it along to others.

On their way home from one of his many doctor’s appointments, the Mississippi teen shared his decision with his mom, Miriam. The wish Abraham asked for was to feed the homeless in his area one day a month for an entire year.

While she couldn’t have been more proud of Abraham, Miriam did wonder if perhaps he wouldn’t rather have something for himself—like a PlayStation—but really, she wasn’t surprised by her son’s selflessness. Prior to his diagnosis, Abraham and his family regularly volunteered in their community handing out hot meals to the homeless.

MORE: Boy Raises $700,000 For Hospice By Camping Out For 500 Nights After Dying Man Gives Him a Tent

“It was always a good thing to do, and that’s what I grew up doing that,” Abraham told WLBT-News 3. “So, I go back to my roots to do what I was taught to do.”

Make-a-Wish

“When he so easily gives to others at a time where everybody should really be supporting him, you just have to say, that’s a remarkable young man,” Linda Sermons, an assistant with Make-A-Wish Mississippi said in an interview with WAPT-News 16.

On the third Thursday of each month, Make-A-Wish’s Mississippi chapter has committed to helping Abraham coordinate with local organizations and businesses to feed up to 80 homeless people in Jackson’s Poindexter Park. As of October, Abraham has helmed two successful “Abraham’s Table” events, distributing the donated goods to folks in need.

“When the homeless people get the plate, some of them would come back and sing to us and thank us,” Abraham told CBS News. “It just really feels good, it warms our hearts—and my parents always taught us that it’s a blessing to be a blessing.”

“We were excited,” Sermons told WLBT News 3 during the first event in September. “This is our first philanthropic wish in our 20-plus years of the chapter in the state. [It’s] a huge milestone for us, but also this is the first meal that Abraham is able to serve.”

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While a dozen days of giving is admirable, when the year is up, Abraham plans to keep his mission going. “We’re very excited to be able to continue on this endeavor. It’s just so rewarding,” Miriam told CBS. “If I was out there on the streets, homeless, I would want somebody at some point to think of me and to do something special for me, so, that’s what I try to instill in my kids.”

Abraham still receives weekly checkups to monitor his condition, but he has faith in his future. “I am a person of hope,” he told WLBT. And as the type of person who not only has hope but gives it as well, he’s a true inspiration.

(WATCH the CBS video for this story below. Editor’s Note: Viewers outside the US can view this video on the CBS website, here)

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“A bird is safe in its nest—but that is not what its wings are made for.” – Amit Ray

Quote of the Day: “A bird is safe in its nest—but that is not what its wings are made for.” – Amit Ray

Photo: by Hersh Chauhan

With a new inspirational quote every day, atop the perfect photo—collected and archived on our Quotes page—why not bookmark GNN.org for a daily uplift?

 

Incredible Cave Paintings 8 Miles-Long Revealed Deep in Amazon Forest: The Sistine Chapel of Ancients

GIPRI Colombia/YouTube
GIPRI Colombia/YouTube

Tens of thousands of pristine cave paintings were found daubed across an eight-mile stretch of rock in a once-in-a-century discovery in Colombia’s Amazon rainforest.

Hailed as the “Sistine Chapel of the Ancients,” it’s the kind of discovery that changes the world of archaeology.

Believed to be 12,500 years old, the art is extremely detailed, and includes handprints and depictions of Ice Age megafauna like the mastodon, a relative of the mammoth, Ice Age horses, and giant ground sloths.

The discovery, made in Chiribiquete National Park in the south of Colombia, was actually made in 2019 but was kept quiet to be revealed in a major documentary called Jungle Mystery: Lost Kingdoms of the Amazon.

Presumably, archaeologists also want to preserve as much time to study the art alone as they can, as the news could draw tourists, or even looters and artifact hunters to the site.

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The discoverers suspect the works could have been made by Paleolithic hunters who crossed the Bering land bridge into the new world from Siberia.

Of majesty and mystery

A joint Colombian-British team made the discovery, led by Jose Iriarte, a professor of archaeology at Exeter University, who was quite vocal about the raw power of literally tens of thousands of different images, some of which are so well done they include horse tails with individual hairs painted.

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“When you’re there, your emotions flow… We’re talking about several tens of thousands of paintings. It’s going to take generations to record them … Every turn you do, it’s a new wall of paintings,” he told the Observer.

GIPRI Colombia/YouTube

Further complicating the mystery is that the paintings cover nearly every inch even far up the cliff faces where they were only seen clearly when the archaeologist broke out the flying camera drones.

“I’m 5ft 10in and I would be breaking my neck looking up. How were they scaling those walls?” said Paleo-archaeologist Ella Al-Shamahi, who will present the new documentary.

Along with large mammals, birds, fish, lizards—masked figures often in dance are also painted here.

Trees and hallucinogenic plants are also depicted, which wasn’t a surprise to Iriarte who noted that “for Amazonian people, non-humans like animals and plants have souls, and they communicate and engage with people in cooperative or hostile ways through the rituals and shamanic practices that we see depicted in the rock art.”

Chiribiquete was an area that was controlled by the anti-government paramilitary organization FARC until recently, when they signed a truce with Bogota, which is likely one reason why it’s taken so long to discover such an enormous trove of cave paintings.

GIPRI Colombia/YouTube

Al-Shamahi recalled, according to the Guardian, that “when we entered FARC territory, it was exactly as a few of us have been screaming about for a long time. Exploration is not over. Scientific discovery is not over but the big discoveries now are going to be found in places that are disputed or hostile.”

MORE: Buried Roman City Mapped in Stunning Detail Using Ground-Penetrating Radar

The team will be back, searching the surrounding areas for more paintings as soon as COVID-19 allows.

Jungle Mystery: Lost Kingdoms of the Amazon debuted on Channel 4 in the UK in December. Watch a clip below…

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Bride Surprises Blind Groom by Wearing a Special Tactile Wedding Dress: ‘My mind was blown’

David Gannon Photography
David Gannon Photography

Weddings are by their nature, inherently touching, but for one recent bride and groom, the ceremony was not only touching but tactile as well.

When Kelly Anne and Anthony Ferraro decided to tie the knot, Kelly wanted to make the day extra special for her soon-to-be husband. Since Anthony is blind, she knew he wouldn’t get to view her in her wedding finery, but nonetheless, she was determined to make sure he got to “see” her by on their big day.

He’d simply have to use his other senses.

Combining a variety of fabrics, the custom-made, one-of-a-kind gown Kelly came up with for her walk down the aisle was taken more from pages of a book by Louis Braille than as a nod to the designer fare of traditional bridal magazines.

Kelly’s dress told a romantic tale in texture—one that was meant for her true love alone to read.

“She’s like, ‘Well you can’t see me, so I’ve got to wear something that feels nice,’” Anthony told CBS News. “No one’s ever thought to do that—ever.”

RELATED: Implanted Electrodes Could Offer Improved Vision for 148 Million Blind People

Kelly’s eloquent nuptial frock wasn’t without precedent. For their first date, she purposely chose to wear a velvet dress so Anthony would be able to feel its softness.

She recalls her sister teased her over her wardrobe selection at the time, but Kelly refused to give in because she thought Anthony might appreciate the gesture. He did. So much so in fact, that the example served as inspiration for her multi-textured wedding gown.

When the couple met at the altar, a jubilant Kelly urged Anthony to feel her dress. “My mind was blown. I started crying,” he told CBS. “It was just like I was able to see Kelly. That was the best part… when I was feeling the dress, I was creating this image of an angel in my brain. It was just so beautiful.”

MORE: Restaurant Makes Special Chocolate For Blind Customer With Birthday Message in Braille

Anthony credits Kelly with the kind of empathy that’s all too rare in the world. He says being able to put yourself in other people’s shoes is admirable, but having the ability not only to understand that each of us is unique but also to be willing to take the extra step that’s sometimes needed to make others feel included, appreciated—and loved—is a true gift.

For Anthony, having found that quality of compassion in Kelly is more than just a wedding present—it’s a blessing that will last a lifetime.

(WATCH the CBS video for this story below. Editor’s Note: Viewers outside the US can view this video on the CBS website, here)

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Camping Travelers Can Rent Old, Empty Churches in UK to Help Pay for Historical Upkeep

All Saints Church in Langport bed-Champing_The-Churches-Conservation-Trust
All Saints Church in Langport/Champing; The Churches Conservation Trust

In the UK, historic churches are becoming unique destinations for an overnight stay in nature—at the same time that money is being raised to save them.

It’s all thanks to “Champing,” the latest in the history of the Brit’s tampering with the world “camping” (“glamping” originated as a word here in 2005.)

Champing involves booking a church as a campsite for the night, and Champing the organization ensures that unmet necessities are provided, and that all proceeds keep the churches, some of which date back to the 12th century, in good order.

Champing started when some Scots camped in a church cared for by The Churches Conservation Trust, and guessed after a great night that perhaps other folk would enjoy a similar nighttime experience.

On the banks of the River Nene, the Scots hired the local canoe rental company to provide accommodations to those traveling up the river in Northhampshire by hosting them at All Saints, at Aldwincle, a 12-sleeping church built in around the late 1400s.

Now Aldwincle is one of 20 churches managed by Champing, who provide camp beds, camp stoves, fairy lights, lanterns, and tea- and coffee-making equipment.

For the churches without flushing toilets, Champing provide a mobile one powered by solar energy.

Aldwincle/Champing

They’ll even try to include a breakfast, if delivery can be facilitated or if a restaurant is willing to partner with them.

Meet the churches

St. Leonard’s, in Old Langho, Lancashire, is a cozy church set in the heart of the Ribble Valley, an area of outstanding natural beauty and also known as the food capital of the North. There is a family friendly pub next door and a Michelin-starred restaurant nearby.

Exterior Old Langho,St Leonard’s Church;Champing

St. Leonard’s was built immediately following the Protestant Reformation, and the details are very different, including exquisitely-carved wooden pew benches engraved with the initials of the patrons of the early construction.

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An 540 square-mile forest, a medieval castle museum, and a manor house containing England’s first-ever wafflery, are all nearby.

Old Langho, St Leonard’s Church; Champing

Perched proudly on a hilltop, All Saints Church at Langport has a thriving local community to explore, with cideries, cozy cafes, and more. Built in the 12th century and rebuilt in the 15th, Langport has electricity, and the finest collection of stained glass in Somerset.

St. Cuthbert’s Church in Holme Lacy, Herefordshire, sits along a pretty bend in the River Wye, and is crafted of beautiful stone work containing exquisite monuments to the church’s patrons from the Middle Ages, the Scudamore Family, who were buried here.

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Nearby Hereford Cathedral is the stunning centerpiece of an old Medieval townscape. Its archives include world famous literary relics including the Chained Library, and some of the most famous documents in history, the Mappa Mundi and the Magna Carta.

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See Incredible Transformation of Paralyzed Mice Given Nanofibers in 4 Week Study Breakthrough

SectionOfSpineInGreenWithRedRegenerative Samuel I. Stupp Laboratory . Northwestern University released
Samuel I. Stupp Laboratory/Northwestern University

A “bioactive scaffold” regenerated damaged cells in the nervous systems of mice paralyzed from spinal cord injuries, allowing them to walk again 3-4 weeks after treatment—an astonishing feat never before achieved.

The treatment opens a gateway into research on curing paralysis that’s never been opened before, and could be subject of FDA trials as early as next year.

“I cannot tell you how excited I am about this work,” said Northwestern University’s Samuel Stupp, who led the trial. “This is probably the most important paper I’ve ever written, and it describes a piece of science that was truly unknown.”

Spinal cord injuries are generally game over as far as normal movement is concerned—on average, fewer than 3% of the 300,000 people in the U.S. living with such injuries will ever recover meaningful function over their legs.

Part of the reason is that the central nervous system isn’t very effective at repairing itself, and the scarring that occurs after such an injury acts as a physical barrier to most regeneration.

In some cases, external electrical stimulation can help retrain basic functions in the hands, but also the legs in a therapy program. GNN has also reported on the use of triple nerve transplants, which allowed for an Australian quadriplegic to regain the use of his hands.

MORE: Paralyzed Man’s Brain Waves Get Turned Into Sentences on Computer, Scientists ‘Thrilled’ Beyond Words

This new method uses an injection, but rather than injecting stem cells, proteins, or modified genes to try and program tissues to repair themselves, Stupp’s team used nanofibers, each just one ten-thousandth the width of a human hair, to mimic something called the extracellular matrix, which is a network of molecules surrounding cells. The fibers contain peptides, little bioactive molecules that transmit signals and promote nerve regeneration.

For the trial, published in Science journal, the mice that were paralyzed were given an injection of the fibers a day following their injury to simulate the time at which most spinal cord injury victims receive treatment.

RELATED: Paralyzed Patient Can Now Write as Fast as Smartphone By ‘Mindwriting’ With Brain Signals

After four weeks the mice could walk again, and those that had received a placebo shot could not. Afterwards, when their spinal cords were examined—it was found that the axons, the severed extensions of neurons which generally fail to repair under normal injury conditions—regenerated, and that the physical barrier of the scar tissue diminished significantly.

More ver, the layer of axons which form a protective insulation called myelin, reformed itself, as did oxygen carrying blood vessels, and more motor neurons survived.

Stupp and the rest of the research team hypothesized this was because the receptors in neurons are in constant motion, but so are nanofibers, and the result of which is that the overly-busy pairs connected more effectively.

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Stupps is now looking to trial the work with humans because the nervous systems across animal species are very similar, and because there’s simply nothing else out there for helping people who have lost mobility due to spinal cord injury.

(WATCH the video for this story below.)

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