Quote of the Day: “I always turn to the sports page first. It records people’s accomplishments; the front page, nothing but man’s failure.” – Earl Warren (former Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court)
Photo: by Vienna Reyes
With a new inspirational quote every day, atop the perfect photo—collected and archived on our Quotes page—why not bookmark GNN.org for a daily uplift?
Four in 10 Brits claim their 2022 New Year’s resolutions involve being greener, according to a new poll.
A survey of 2,000 adults found 27 percent of those with green resolutions plan on using colder washing cycles, while just under a third will try and cut down on their meat intake.
Other changes people are making for the year ahead include always carrying a reusable water bottle (33 percent), taking shorter showers (25 percent), and growing their own veg (24 percent).
And more than half of Brits (56 percent) said simply having a better understanding of how their central heating works would help them to live a greener lifestyle.
As many as 75 percent of those with green resolutions for 2022 admitted that while they ‘never’ normally stick to their resolutions, they want to this year, to help save the planet.
Combating climate change is the most popular reason (44 percent) for adults making plans to live more sustainably next year, with 41 percent hoping to have a positive impact on local wildlife.
While four in 10 are looking to reduce their energy costs by going greener, and 37 percent believe their green resolutions will be good for their health.
MORE: Six in 10 Americans Agreed They’re More Financially Confident Than They Were Before the Pandemic
Marc Robson, Smart Energy Expert at British Gas, which commissioned the survey, said, “It’s great to see how many people recognise the benefits of living more sustainably—not just for the planet, but in making our everyday lives healthier and more cost-effective.
“There are so many small steps we can take around the home to be greener and save on our energy costs—and being energy-efficient is also getting easier with the help of technology.
“Three in 10 respondents said their resolutions include turning the heating off or down when they go out, but a smart thermostat can take care of that.
“And having a smart meter means you can keep track of your energy usage in real-time, helping you identify opportunities to make savings.”
The poll also found that nine in 10 of those, with green resolutions, believe that although their commitments have been influenced by increasing energy prices, they’d be making an effort to live more sustainably anyway.
And the same number think the small steps they’re taking to live more sustainably in 2022 will lead to make bigger changes in years to come.
A quarter of those with green resolutions intend to do less driving, and 37 percent want to buy more food with less packaging—but these are both among the green resolutions considered hardest to keep.
Despite their best intentions, a quarter of those who have green ambitions reckon they will have fallen by the wayside by the second week in January.
Perhaps that’s because a quarter (24 percent) have made green resolutions in the past and failed to stick to them.
But 74 percent of adults polled, via OnePoll, believe they have a role to play in bettering the world.
And more than half (53 percent) went as far as to say they believe 2022 is the last chance the world has to start reversing the effects of climate change.
CHECK OUT: Americans Want to Use Less Plastic and They Hoard Containers Rather Than Tossing, Poll Shows
Marc Robson, from British Gas, added, “We know that most people with green resolutions (70 percent) have been thinking about them for a while. And now is the perfect time to commit to them.
“It’s best to smart small with a resolution you can stick to—and then you can add to or extend it when you’re ready.
“Everyone needs to take responsibility for reaching net zero, and it’s our job to make sure that’s inspiring, not daunting.
“Working together is vital, so that we can all make a positive contribution that’s right for us.”
For energy efficiency and sustainability tips to implement around the home in the New Year, visit the British Gas website.
BRITS’ TOP GREEN RESOLUTIONS FOR 2022:
1. Recycle better
2. Buy food with less packaging
3. Turn off lights in rooms that aren’t being used
4. Take reusable bags shopping
5. Turn off electrical items when not in use e.g., laptops, TV
6. Turn the tap off whilst brushing your teeth
7. Refill water bottles
8. Put on extra layers instead of turning on the heating
9. Eat less meat
10. Turn off/lower the heating when leaving the house
11. Reuse leftover food
12. Use lamps with low energy use
13. Use colder washing cycles
14. Take shorter showers
15. Drive less
16. Shop second-hand e.g., clothes
17. Grow your own vegetables
18. Cycle more
19. Never use takeaway coffee cups
20. Avoid use of paper e.g., printing
21. Plant a tree
22. Upcycle furniture
23. Wash the car by hand instead of using a water hose
24. Fly less
25. Buy organic food
SHARE the Good Green News and Inspire Others to be Eco-Friendly…
As winter begins to settle across the Northern Hemisphere, webcams in wild places have been picking up some startling sights.
In a film from Senja Island in Norway, here are two reindeer in a snowy birch forest. The aurora pulses overhead in swirls of iridescent light as they graze. It’s beautiful, a truly relaxing sight.
(WATCH the video from the Aurora Borealis Observatory below.)
SHARE With Pals and Show There’s Magic in the Coldest Months…
$15 billion of federal money will go into funding a project that finds and replace as many old lead water pipes across the United States as possible—thanks to a newly enacted infrastructure bill from the Biden administration.
While early EPA bans on leaded gasoline and lead paint dramatically reduced the burden of lead poisoning in the nation, old lead water service lines can leach the toxic metal into the water supply, creating a particular danger to young children.
The EPA estimates that 400,000 schools and ten million homes rely on lead service lines for their water delivery.
“The science on lead is settled—there is no safe level of exposure and it is time to remove this risk to support thriving people and vibrant communities,” said EPA administrator Michael Regan in a statement, who hopes to pair the removal project with regulation that will see lead pipes forever beyond the reach of pipelayers and housing manufacturers.
Lead pipes can sometimes be harmless due to a protective coating of built-up minerals inside the pipe which separates its surface from the water running through it, but often buried and unremembered, changes in the chemical composition in the treatment of the water, writes one geochemist from Indiana University, can quickly erode the plaque and expose the drinker once more to the lead inside.
MORE: Tap Water Produces a Protective Shield Against Microplastics, Scientists Discover
Government-run water delivery programs in Flint, Michigan in 2014 saw state regulators try and save money by cutting out the addition of phosphate to maintain the mineral plaques inside the pipes, a corner-cutting that notoriously ended in disaster.
RELATED: New Hydrogel Tablet That Can Purify a Liter of River Water in an Hour
The CDC, as part of the lead removal project, will be setting up a new childhood lead testing program, and regulators will use water tests to help zero in on the old water lines.
The federal plan is to ultimately replace a hundred percent of the lead service lines across the country, and the EPA is planning to write that figure into the regulations within the next few years.
That’s a hopeful and necessary move towards clean, healthy drinking water across the nation.
CLEAN UP Those News Feeds by Sharing This Movement Towards the Good…
One day last September, Vinod Menon, the head of the physics department at Harlem’s City College of New York campus, had to face the normally unpleasant task of going through almost a year of COVID-lockdown office mail, and was stunned when he opened a 9-month-old package only to find it contained $180,000.
Stacked notes in 50s and 100s wrapped in paper bands, an anonymous letter, and a return address to an alias were all that accompanied the parcel which was addressed to “Head of the Physics Department.”
“I’ve never seen this kind of money in real life in cash form,” Menon told CNN. “I’ve never seen it except in movies, and so, yeah, I was shell shocked and I just did not know how to react.”
The sender evidently had unshakable faith in the U.S. postal system, and desired to send the cash as a donation to cash-strapped students looking to pursue physics and other sciences.
City College of New York is one of the most-productive public university systems in the States, and the physics department has long punched above its weight. Three Nobel laureates in physics received their education there, and in 1921 Albert Einstein gave one of his first lectures at the Harlem campus.
“Assuming that you are a bit curious as to why I am doing this, the reason is straightforward,” the letter read, continuing to explain that its generous writer had, many years ago, taken advantage of the “excellent educational opportunity,” available at City College to study physics, earn a master’s, and pursue a “long, productive, immensely rewarding scientific career.”
MORE: $10 Million in Student Debt is Wiped Out for 2,500 South Carolina Students Using Stimulus Funds
The alias return address was to Kyle Paisley, a name absent from the university’s graduation logs, at a house in Pensacola, Florida, whose owners apparently had no idea or knowledge of the donation.
The money was first treated as evidenced, but after a two-month long investigation had revealed nothing that could link it to criminal activity, the Board of Trustees held a vote to see if they would keep the money.
Unsurprisingly, they did, with one chair suggesting the beat up old box be “bronzed” and “put in a display case.”
Dr. Menon, who grew up in India, noted that the gift would provide for two fully-funded scholarships every year for a decade, and that he would try to see it go into the hands of the students who had the fewest means—such as immigrants like himself.
EDUCATE Your Mates With the Good News; Share This Article…
A one-hour class can save a life; that’s what 15-year old McDonald’s worker Sydney Raley learned when she instinctively deployed the Heimlich maneuver to save a choking customer.
Working at the Eden Prairie McDonalds south of Minneapolis for around seven months, the young woman clocked in on a Saturday shift expecting, as one might imagine, for everything to proceed as normal.
After handing one woman part of her order, Raley departed the drive-thru window, only to return moments later to explain the rest was on its way. That’s when she saw that the customer appeared to be choking.
“She was coughing like crazy, and I noticed she was gagging.” Raley told CNN. “Her daughter was in the passenger seat and she looked so freaked out. I immediately knew ‘Oh, no, she’s choking.'”
Raley straight away instructed her colleague to call 911, then leapt out of the drive-thru window to help the choking customer. Having taken a Red Cross babysitter first aid class, Raley used the Heimlich manuever with the aid of a bystander.
RELATED: 12-year-old Uses Boy Scout Know-How to Rescue Lost Couple and Injured Dog on a Hike
The nugget was dislodged, and the woman, though in shock, was deeply grateful. First responders arrived later only to find the situation was resolved.
“They said, ‘Congratulations you’re a lifesaver; you’re a hero.'” Sydney recounted. And gave her $100 from a fund they use for people who do good work in the community.
The teen’s parents also arrived at the scene, and seeing an ambulance and police cars, immediately became worried that something had happened to their daughter, who had suffered from some social difficulties as a result of an autism spectrum diagnosis at age 11.
MORE: Sikh Men Created a Lifeline Using Turbans to Rescue Hikers at a Canadian Park
“We are incredibly proud of Sydney and her quick, heroic actions over the weekend to help one of our valued customers.” owner-operator Paul Ostergaard said in a written statement. “Sydney truly personifies what it is to be a hero and we are incredibly lucky to have her as a highly-valued crew member at our Eden Prairie restaurant location.”
(Meet Edina in the KARE-11 video below.)
RESCUE the Good News; Share It On Social Media…
Quote of the Day: “When nothing’s working, it might be a cosmic conspiracy to get you to experiment.” – Caroline Casey
Photo: by Matt Botsford
With a new inspirational quote every day, atop the perfect photo—collected and archived on our Quotes page—why not bookmark GNN.org for a daily uplift?
Everyone can remember a time when their mind would not stay on task.
For example, you might be listening to someone talk in a meeting or in class, and your mind wanders off to your dinner plans.
Well, research suggests that 30% to 50% of our daily thoughts are spent on this kind of mind wandering, and that excessive mind wandering can lead to negative outcomes like poorer performance on standardized tests and poorer recall of information.
“While zoning out for a few minutes during a meeting may not hurt, it can impact you negatively if it goes on for long periods of time,” says Lynley Turkelson, a University of Cincinnati doctoral student and lead author of a new study on mindfulness and mind wandering.
“When distracting thoughts or feelings come up, mindfulness helps us gently set them aside and refocus on what is right in front of us,” says Turkelson.
Methods of practicing mindfulness vary, but common ones include practices such as breath-work and meditation.
For newbies, Turkelson suggests that one can start practice mindfulness by paying attention to the experience of eating a favorite food.
“You may start by noticing the smell of the food before you eat it, what it feels like as you bite into it, how it feels in your mouth, and the taste. Or perhaps you pay attention to the flow of breath in and out of your lungs or on the sensations you experience in various parts of the body.”
MORE: Meditation Training Reduces Long-Term Stress, Hair Analysis Shows
For the study, Turkelson, a doctoral student and fellow in UC’s Department of Psychology, and co-author Quintino Mano, PhD, a UC associate professor of psychology, conducted a systematic review of research that looks at the relationship between mindfulness and mind wandering.
What they found is that while mindfulness—the ability to intentionally focus attention on the present moment—can be effective for reducing mind wandering, results do differ depending on the research methodology. For instance, people are sometimes unaware when they are distracted, so asking them to report their own mind wandering is not reliable.
The study results show it’s better to measure mind wandering in other ways, such as using computer-based testing.
“During COVID, people are facing even more distractions than normal, so it is important to find research-based ways to decrease mind wandering and improve attention,” says Turkelson.
Turkelson says that their systematic review, published in the Journal of Cognitive Enhancement, looks at the research on this topic and synthesizes the results so that researchers know how consistent these findings are, as well as what still needs to be studied to improve our understanding of how mindfulness helps with mind wandering.
Source: University of Cincinnati
HELP Friends Focus on the Good; Share This Study Finding…
The Tunnel to Towers Foundation has paid off the mortgages of five families of fallen first responders who made the ultimate sacrifice and laid down their lives in the line of duty for their communities for the Foundation’s third annual Season of Hope.
These mortgage pay-offs are a part of the third annual Tunnel to Towers Foundation’s Season of Hope, which celebrates the holiday season by delivering mortgage-free homes or mortgage-payoffs to the families of America’s heroes who died in the line of duty.
Meet these five heroes who have made the ultimate sacrifice, and learn about the impact this generosity has on their families.
Battalion Chief Edward Louis Karriem of the Little Rock Fire Department died in the line of duty on February 13, 2021. He was found unresponsive in his command car after responding to a house fire, and was then transported to the hospital where he later passed away. Battalion Chief Karriem was 41 years old at the time of his death, and served with the Division of Fire Services for 17 years. He is survived by his wife Denise and their four children.
Police Officer Myron Anthony Jarrett of the Detroit Police Department was killed in the line of duty on October 28, 2018. He was fatally struck by a hit-and-run driver while assisting other officers during a traffic stop.
Police Officer Jarrett had served in the Detroit Police Department since Nov. 21, 2008. He is survived by his wife Sacha and their three children.
Sheriff’s Deputy Ryan Proxmire of the Kalamazoo Sheriff’s Office died in the line of duty on August 15, 2021 from injuries he sustained from gunshot wounds he received during a high-speed chase.
Deputy Proxmire was taken to the hospital where he died the next day. He was posthumously promoted to the rank of Sergeant. Deputy Proxmire was a nine year veteran with the Kalamazoo Sheriff’s Department. He is survived by his wife Roanna and their four children.
Massachusetts State Trooper Thomas Clardy was killed in the line of duty on March 16, 2016 when he was struck by a vehicle while conducting a traffic stop. He was 44 at the time of his death. State Trooper Clardy is survived by his wife Reisa and their six children.
“Knowing our home will be paid off gives my family so much comfort and a sense of security. Being able to keep my children in their home that has been filled with so many beautiful memories is a blessing. The holidays can be a difficult time for my children without their father. Having the mortgage paid off during the Season of Hope helps us to have faith, joy and happiness during the holiday season. It eases the burden and allows us to be together as a family with less worry”, said Reisa.
MORE: Post-9/11 Charity Started with $500, Now Has Given $150Mil to Assist Wounded Veterans
State Trooper Clardy began his career in Law Enforcement in 2004 and graduated from the Massachusetts State Police academy in 2005. He was last stationed at the Charlton barracks, and before that he was stationed at the Sturbridge and Brookfield barracks. State Trooper Clardy was a member of the Community Action Team (C.A.T.) out of C-Troop. He was also a veteran and served as a member of the U.S. Army for two years before transferring to the U.S. Marine Corp where he served for 11 years.
Firefighter Brett Burkinshaw of the Newburyport Fire Department died in the line of duty on July 1, 2021 after a 19-month battle with job-related brain cancer. He was 47 at the time of his death, and he is survived by his wife Cheryl and their daughter.
“A home is where the heart is and where we have so many happy memories with Brett. Knowing that my daughter and I will have the security of our forever home being mortgage free is impossible to put into words,” said Cheryl. “We are truly beyond grateful to the Tunnel to Towers Foundation for making this all possible and are especially honored having this coincide with the 20th anniversaries of 9/11, the Tunnel to Towers Foundation formation and during the Season of Hope where the holidays this year will be the most emotionally difficult. Brett’s passion in life was to help others and that is reflected in the true meaning of this Foundation.”
MORE: Tributes Pour In For Dog That Helped NY Firefighters Heal After 9/11 -Watch
Firefighter Burkinshaw served with the Newburyport Fire Department for 18 years; he joined the fire department as a call firefighter in May 2003, and became a full-time member of the department in August 2010. He had also been a Reserve Police Officer for the Newburyport Police Department.
In 2021, the Tunnel to Towers Foundation will have paid off over 60 mortgages for the families with young children of our nation’s heroes for the third annual Season of Hope, relieving these families of a grave financial burden following the tragic loss of their loved ones.
Season of Hope gives these families the gift of remaining in the homes where they made precious memories with their fallen heroes. Tunnel to Towers’ third annual Season of Hope began with paying the mortgages in full of Eight California Fallen First Responders families on Thanksgiving Day, with 6 more families having their mortgages paid off on December 3rd. Tunnel to Towers will have paid off 200 mortgages in full before the end of the year.
SHARE This Story of True Generosity With Pals…
Intrigued by a photo shared on Instagram, a research team from India discovered a previously unknown species of kukri snake.
Staying at home in Chamba because of the pandemic lockdown, Virendar K. Bhardwaj, a master student in Guru Nanak Dev University in Amritsar, started exploring his backyard, photographing everything he found there and posting the pictures online.
His Instagram account started buzzing with the life of the snakes, lizards, frogs, and insects he encountered.
One of those photos—a picture of a kukri snake—popped up in the feed of Zeeshan A. Mirza at the National Centre for Biological Sciences in Bangalore, and immediately caught his attention. After a chat with his colleague Harshil Patel, he decided to get in touch with Virendar and find out more about the sighting.
The snake, which Virendar encountered along a mud road on a summer evening, belongs to a group commonly known as Kukri snakes, named so because of their curved teeth that resemble the Nepali dagger “Kukri”.
MORE: Jaguars in Mexico are Growing in Number, a Promising Sign That Conservation Strategies are Working
At first sight, the individual that Virendar photographed looked a lot like the Common Kukri snake (Oligodon arnensis). However, a herpetologist could spot some unique features that raised questions about its identity.
Virendar uploaded the photo on 5 June 2020, and by the end of the month, after extensively surveying the area, he found two individuals—enough to proceed with their identification. However, the pandemic slowed down the research work as labs and natural history museums remained closed.
Upon the reopening of labs, the team studied the DNA of the specimens and found out they belonged to a species different from the Common Kukri snake. Then, they compared the snakes’ morphological features with data from literature and museums and used micro computed tomography scans to further investigate their morphology. In the end, the research team was able to confirm the snakes belonged to a species previously unknown to science.
The discovery was published in a research paper in the international peer-reviewed journal Evolutionary Systematics. There, the new species is described as Oligodon churahensis, its name a reference to the Churah Valley in Himachal Pradesh, where it was discovered.
“It is quite interesting to see how an image on Instagram led to the discovery of such a pretty snake that, until very recently, remained hidden to the world,” comments Zeeshan A. Mirza.
LOOK: Spectacular Coral Event This Year Spawns Hope –And Billions of Babies For Great Barrier Reef
“What’s even more interesting is that the exploration of your own backyard may yield still undocumented species. Lately, people have been eager to travel to remote biodiversity hotspots to find new or rare species, but if one looks in their own backyard, they may end up finding a new species right there.”
“Compared to other biodiversity hotspots, the Western Himalayas are still poorly explored, especially in terms of herpetological diversity, but they harbor unique reptile species that we have only started to unravel in the last couple of years,” Mirza adds.
Source: PenSoft, CC license 4.0
SLITHER This Fascinating Find Over to Friends on Social Media…
In 2021, green innovation continued at a pace that has typified the yet-young century, and goals and projects long pursued came to fruition.
Maintaining the health of the planet into the future relies on solving many problems, including the carbon emissions equation.
And beyond the headlines, the world really is, like Steven Pinker and others have claimed, getting better all the time. To see how far we’ve come, take a look at ten of GNN’s most popular environmental stories of the year.
The health of the oceans is paramount to the health of the planet, and with satellite technology seeing massive increases in investment, Fisheries and Oceans Canada has partnered with the Department of National Defense to utilize military-grade satellites to scan the oceans for “dark vessels.”
These ships switch off their transponders, allowing them to slip undetected into vulnerable ecosystems for illegal fish harvesting. Once detected, the evidence can be shared with national and international policing and fishery bodies that enforce sustainable catch limits on fish stocks in poorer nations in the Caribbean and Pacific. READ MORE…
For more than a decade, we’ve been hearing about the problem of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, and for all that time it seemed the only person who had a serious idea of how to get rid of it was a young man from the Netherlands.
After all these years, Boyan Slat has proved that if you want something done right, the best thing to do is to do it yourself. His method of using the very currents that made the patch to unmake it, this year, worked like a charm, drawing 20,000 pounds of trash out of the ocean in little time. READ MORE…
2021 revealed that beyond a shadow of a doubt, certain crops will grow better when planted under specially-designed solar panel arrays, and that the presence of the crops increases the energy generation of the panels above.
This marriage has become known as agrivoltaic, and could potentially transform the farming industry into the largest green energy producer on Earth. READ MORE…
India has invented ‘flying’ solar panels. They are being suspended above irrigation canals to cut down on the evaporation of precious water droplets by providing shade from the sun’s evaporating heat. It’s also a clever way to cut down on habitat loss, too, by placing panels in already-dedicated man-made spaces.
Now, California is eyeing the benefits of several successful canal installations in India. With the world’s largest irrigation canal network, and 290 days of average sunshine, California is uniquely positioned to ease a severe water shortage, saving 63 billion gallons of water from evaporation annually, with this emerging innovation of canal-covering solar farms. READ MORE…
Here’s some future-tech that seems hard to imagine, and harder not to get excited about. A cheap iron-based catalyst/intake combo onboard a passenger jet could be sucking CO2 out of the air and turning it into the very fuel it needs to operate.
Air travel accounts for a relatively-large portion of global emissions compared to the size of its footprint, and the researchers that discovered this revelation described anthropogenic CO2 emissions as a goldmine of raw materials if we only invented more ways of harvesting it. READ MORE…
Joseph Stalin allegedly said that one death is a tragedy, a million, a statistic. Such is sometimes the case in the natural world.
Mainstream media often focuses on how many species are endangered, or how many acres of forest is lost, or how many tons of CO2 went into the atmosphere—they often forget that conservation is usually achieved through many small victories.
This Alaskan Island that used to be wealthy in seabird and mammal life was ignominiously-renamed “Rat Island,” but a total extermination campaign restored a near pristine ecosystem within just 11 years. READ MORE…
One of the big knocks against solar panels is how much land they take up compared to how much power they generate. But what if there were a readymade source of open land nearby to cities and towns that was guaranteed not to be used for anything else?
As it turns out, landfills are becoming prime real estate for solar farms, and one nonprofit believes the U.S. could increase the nation’s solar energy capacity by 63 gigawatts, or approximately 60%, simply by building solar farms on landfills. READ MORE…
An absolutely brilliant young woman in Kenya has started a company manufacturing bricks from recycled plastic.
Nzambi Matee says she was “tired of being on the sidelines” while civil servants struggled against plastic waste in the capital city of Nairobi, so the materials engineer created a product that is 5 to 7 times stronger than concrete.
Founder of Gjenge Makers, which transforms plastic waste into durable building materials, Matee also designed the machines that manufacture the bricks in her factory. READ MORE…
A method to reliably capture carbon may have taken root in Iceland at a geothermal park where the “Orca Factory” will capture 4,000 tons of CO2 from of the atmosphere every year; the equivalent of taking 870 cars off the road.
The company behind it all says their ability to scale up is built into the technology and the business model. They hope to increase capacity by 80-fold by the end of the decade. READ MORE…
Experts keeping track of the Great Barrier Reef’s breeding events have said this year’s shows that the system is working, and recovering.
The annual show where the billions of polyps that make up the corals synchronize the release of eggs and sperm into the water, “like the shaking of a giant snow globe,” was celebrated and video taped.
It was almost a decade ago that people began to refer to the reef as “dead” – watching the video linked to below, it seems it’s time to rethink that idea. READ MORE…
Brag About The Positive Things From 2021 – Share This On Social Media…
Quote of the Day: “If you fuel your journey on the opinions of others, you are going to run out of gas.” – Steve Maraboli
Photo: by Matt Botsford
With a new inspirational quote every day, atop the perfect photo—collected and archived on our Quotes page—why not bookmark GNN.org for a daily uplift?
Scientists peering into the depths of Mars’ own grand canyon have found that water makes up as much as 40% of the ground there, an enormous amount considering its near to the hot dry equator of the Red Planet.
Covering 15,800 square miles (41,000 square kilometers), the area of water is larger than the Netherlands.
While Mars once had huge oceans, the particles of ice or hydrated minerals found in the top soil outside the polar reaches are all the traces that remain. 40% shatters any previous estimations of the potential for water to be found outside of the icy poles.
“We found a central part of Valles Marineris to be packed full of water—far more water than we expected,” said Alexey Malakhov, a scientist at the Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Moscow. “This is very much like Earth’s permafrost regions, where water ice permanently persists under dry soil because of the constant low temperatures.”
However, peering into the depths of the Valles Marineris, the solar system’s largest canyon, which is 10 times longer and five times deeper than the Grand Canyon of the Colorado River, can’t be done with just any instrument.
The researchers used the Trace Gas Orbiter, a joint research project by the European Space Agency and Roscosmos, its Russian counterpart. Onboard, a device for recording neutrons exiting the soil of a planet needed about three years of recordings before producing the discovery.
Neutrons are deposited in the soil of the Valles Marineris, says Malakhov, through galactic cosmic rays, and more of them make their way out again through drier soil than through moist soil. And so a lack of neutrons can be a sign that water is present.
RELATED: Spectacular Time Lapse Shows the Hypnotic Flames on the Surface of the Sun (WATCH)
The discovery is exciting for several reasons. One, unmanned missions to Mars tend to focus on the equatorial region, where the canyon and its water are located.
Secondly the water, which the researchers presume exists as ice, can be found at one meter below the surface, compared to water at the polar regions which cannot be reached unless one brings equipment to drill or blast their way down around a kilometer.
“Such ice not only is an intriguing material for searching frozen proto-life fragments or complex organic molecules from the early epoch of Mars, but also is an indispensable natural resource for future Mars exploration that is easy to exploit,” Malakhov and his co-authors wrote in their corresponding paper, published in Icarus.
SHARE This Far-Our Red Planet News Far and Wide…
Meet the teen who has carried out a random act of kindness EVERY day since the start of the pandemic—helping more than 2,000 people and raising over $53,000.
18-year-old Sebbie Hall started his giving mission when he realized some people lacked the technology to contact friends during the first pandemic lockdown.
The selfless teen wanted to donate his iPad to a friend, but his mom Ashley Hall suggested he should help others to buy what they need instead.
It was then that Sebbie, who has physical and learning difficulties, decided to raise money to prevent disabled or vulnerable children from feeling lonely.
He has since raised tens of thousands—and counting—by carrying out over 2,000 acts of kindness towards random strangers.
His generosity, which has been hailed by the British Prime Minister, includes handing out flowers, teddies, and even lotto tickets in the street.
Sebbie has also set up an arts hub and a foundation to support disabled or vulnerable children.
The constant giver has won numerous awards for his initiative and attended a royal carol service at Westminster Abbey in London earlier this month—after an invitation from the Duchess of Cambridge.
Sebbie, from Lichfield, England, said he just likes to make people smile.
Mom Ashley explained the positive responses to Sebbie’s acts of kindness have boosted his confidence so much that it has improved his verbal communication.
The teen’s disabilities are a result of a chromosomal alteration discovered when he was aged one.
Ashley said, “I’m immensely proud of him. I couldn’t be more proud. The impact of his kindness has been incredible.
“It’s like this lovely ripple effect going out from him. It’s fabulous. The money’s very important and he’s been able to create real change.
Sebbie began his charity mission on March 16, 2020. The initial challenge started with 10 sponsored acts of kindness every single day for 10 days to raise £1,000 (about $1,300) for charities.
Ashley said, “He bought this friend a device at the end of the 10 days but because he enjoyed watching other people smile, he then wanted to continue.”
His acts since then have included giving out Easter eggs, watering people’s plants, filling bird feeders—and taking out trash cans.
He also ran nine two-mile runs handing out roses in recent months, with strangers jogging alongside him in support.
After Halloween, he collected unused pumpkins and took them to the food bank to be turned into soups and pie.
And, this Christmas, Sebbie has taken donated toys to eight homes where vulnerable children are staying.
He also posted cards and handed out reindeer food made from oats and edible glitter to families in the street.
RELATED: Teens Build Bus Stop Shelter for 5-Year-old Wheelchair User, Protecting Him From Harsh Weather
And, over the last 17 months, he has also paid for 300 families to get adapted IT devices and funded a disability rugby team.
Sebbie said, “I feel lucky to be going out and meeting so many children.”
The teen has been selected for the World Compassion Award, and he is setting up the Sebbie Hall Kindness Foundation, through which he will continue his acts of kindness each year.
Ashley said that she and Sebbie’s dad Craig Hall were warned their son would likely never walk, talk, understand things, or even sit up when he was diagnosed with a chromosomal alteration.
She said, “Sebbie keeps showing it’s worth keeping on striving: never give up. Everybody has potential and sometimes we can even smash that.
Sebbie finds it hard to put together full sentences.
But he said: “It’s not about words, it’s about kindness.”
Donations to Sebbie’s fundraiser can be made here.
(MEET the kind teen in the video below.)
SHARE the Generosity; Share This Story of True Kindness…
From smartphones to laptops and EVs, lithium-ion batteries are everywhere. Now a new company breaks batteries down and extracts around 95% of the valuable materials for reuse, and investments are pouring in.
Recycling plants in Canada and Rochester, New York, have the capacity to salvage tens of thousands of tons of spent batteries each year, removing waste and aiding the creation of a semi-circular battery economy.
Li-Cycle, borrowing the periodic table’s call sign for Lithium, also claims their “Spoke and Hub” proprietary recycling method is cost-effective, allowing battery manufacturers to actually afford recycled material.
The batteries, no matter their size or shape, are broken down by a mechanical process that results in two lines of raw materials. The first is the line of cathode and anode waste in a black powder that consists of lithium, nickel, cobalt, graphite, copper, and aluminum. The second is scrap aluminum and copper from the insulating or conducting foils.
The black powder waste is then sent through another recovery process that yields high quality lithium carbonate of the required purity to be used as cathode precursor and production, effectively closing the loop on those grams of lithium. Cobalt and nickel sulphates are also produced.
MORE: To Replace Lithium Batteries For Grid Storage ‘Gravitricity’ Uses Gravity
The company is attracting big time investors looking to source for sustainable lithium and other minerals, the mining which gathers them being after all a major source of emissions, deforestation at times, and even regional conflict.
Device manufacturing giant LG is looking to deliver $50 million in investment into Li-Cycle, as well as enough lithium batteries to harvest 20,000 tons of nickel over 10 years.
MORE: Scientists Create Biodegradable Batteries That Can Be Buried in Soil After Use
Just some weeks before that, it was announced that Arrival, a manufacturer of electric buses and vans, signed an exclusive closed-loop agreement with Li-Cycle to supply batteries for their vehicles, as well as to recycle them at the end of their life to provide materials for the next generation of batteries.
RECYCLE Great Innovations; Share This Story…
It turns out that hummingbirds, as portentous they seem to be in spring and summer, will sometimes stick around in winter, when many proud owners of a hummingbird feeder stash them away.
While many species are migratory, there are some who stick around all winter—a daunting prospect for the animal with the fastest metabolism in the vertebrate world.
If you are someone who loves hummingbirds, there are things you can do to support them during the lean times until warm weather returns and flowers carpet the ground again.
Hummies are sensitive birds, and concerned birders may have heard a myth and taken it for fact regarding them. For example, the myth that hummingbirds will be lulled by the sugar water in the feeder into not migrating.
This is a myth because it isn’t nutrient availability that determines whether or not a hummingbird migrates, but rather an internal clock that tracks the length of the days and the angle of the sun in the sky.
MORE: Woman Wakes Up to Find Astonishing Icicle Outside That Looks Exactly Like a Hummingbird
Feeders can be left out; but in the cold of winter it’s likely, especially at night, that the water inside will freeze. There are several ways one can prevent this.
Frigid wind will hasten the forming of ice in the sugar water, so positioning your feeder behind a wind break will help. A feeder that suction-cups onto a window will not only bring the hummies closer to view, but the warmth of the glass will transmit into the material of the feeder.
Two other methods for preventing ice formation are to either wrap a string of violet or red non-LED Christmas lights around it or do the same with insulating material such as bubble wrap or aluminum foil. The heat from the bulbs will keep the feeder warm, look pretty at night, and attract hummingbirds thanks to their preference for the red-light spectrum in the case of the former, and the latter will keep the cold air from permeating the reservoir.
Some guides will suggest increasing the normally-precise mixture of hummingbird feed from one part sugar to four parts water, to one part sugar to three parts water. This will indeed have the effect of lowering the temperature at which the mixture turns to ice, but the British Columbia SPCA claim this will make it too unhealthy for the hummies to digest the mixture.
LOOK: See the Moment a Bubble Froze Into a Beautiful Sphere At Sunrise Creating a Natural Snow Globe
Furthermore, the SPCA offers a warning that while a hummingbird will never forsake its migration for your feeder, they may come to rely on it if local winter nectar sources are too scarce. In these circumstances the homeowner that merely wanted to attract these little flying gemstones as an interest will inadvertently become the only food source keeping them alive, and so they suggest only putting a winter feeder out if the house is capable of sustaining a clean and full reservoir of sugar water through the entire season.
There’s no reason that with a little effort and some diligence, someone can’t have access to that lightning fast chirping and those beautiful scaled colors that typify the smallest of birds, even when snow is falling and most other songbirds are long gone.
LET Good Advice Soar by Sharing This Article…
Quote of the Day: “Christmas is a season not only of rejoicing, but of reflection.” – Winston Churchill
Photo: by GWC
With a new inspirational quote every day, atop the perfect photo—collected and archived on our Quotes page—why not bookmark GNN.org for a daily uplift?
Our partner Rob Brezsny provides his weekly wisdom to enlighten our thinking and motivate our mood. Rob’s Free Will Astrology, is a syndicated weekly column appearing in over a hundred publications. He is also the author of Pronoia Is the Antidote for Paranoia: How All of Creation Is Conspiring To Shower You with Blessings. (A free preview of the book is available here.)
Here is your weekly horoscope…
FREE WILL ASTROLOGY – Week beginning December 25, 2021
Copyright by Rob Brezsny, FreeWillAstrology.com
CAPRICORN (Dec. 22-Jan. 19):
To ensure that 2022 will bring you the most interesting and useful kind of progress, take good care of your key friendships and alliances, even as you seek out excellent new friendships and alliances. For best results, heed these thoughts from author Hanya Yanagihara: “Find people who are better than you are—not smarter, not cooler, but kinder, and more generous, and more forgiving—and then appreciate them for what they can teach you, and listen to them when they tell you something about yourself, no matter how bad—or good—it might be.”
AQUARIUS (Jan. 20-Feb. 18):
Sometime during the Northern Song Dynasty that ruled China from 960 to 1127, an artisan made a white ceramic bowl five inches in diameter. About a thousand years later, a family in New York bought it at a garage sale for $3. It sat on a mantel in their home for a few years until they got a hunch to have it evaluated by an art collector. A short time later, the bowl was sold at an auction for $2.2 million. I’m not saying that 2022 will bring a financial event as dramatic as that one. But I do expect that your luck with money will be at a peak.
PISCES (Feb. 19-March 20):
In the Quechuan language spoken in parts of Peru, the word takanakuy means “when the blood is boiling.” Every year at this time, the community of Chumbivilcas stages a holiday called Takanakuy. People gather at the town center to fight each other, settling their differences so they can forget about them and start over fresh. If my friend and I have had a personal conflict during the previous year, we would punch and kick each other—but not too hard—until we had purged our spite and resentment. The slate between us would be clean. Is there some humorous version of this ritual you could enact that wouldn’t involve even mild punching and kicking? I recommend you dream one up!
ARIES (March 21-April 19):
You may become a more audacious storyteller in 2022. You could ripen your ability to express the core truths about your life with entertaining narratives. Bonus: The experiences that come your way will provide raw material for you to become even more interesting than you already are. Now study these words by storyteller Ruth Sawyer: “To be a good storyteller, one must be gloriously alive. It is not possible to kindle fresh fires from burned-out embers. The best of the traditional storytellers are those who live close to the heart of things—to the earth, sea, wind, and weather. They have known solitude, silence. They have been given unbroken time in which to feel deeply, to reach constantly for understanding.”
TAURUS (April 20-May 20):
Taurus author May Sarton wrote a poem celebrating her maturation into the person she had always dreamed she would be. “Now I become myself,” she exulted. “It’s taken time, many years and places; I have been dissolved and shaken, have worn other people’s faces.” But at last, she said, “All fuses together now, falls into place from wish to action, word to silence. My work, my love, my time, my face: gathered into one intense gesture of growing like a plant.” I invite you to adopt Sarton’s poem as a primary source of inspiration in 2022. Make it your guide as you, too, become fully and richly yourself.
GEMINI (May 21-June 20):
In 2012, the writer Gore Vidal died the day after Gemini writer Maeve Binchy passed away. They were both famous, though Bincy sold more books than Vidal. Vidal was interesting but problematic for me. He was fond of saying that it wasn’t enough for him to succeed; he wanted others to fail. The misery of his fellow humans intensified his satisfaction about his own accomplishments. On the other hand, Binchy had a generous wish that everyone would be a success. She felt her magnificence was magnified by others’ magnificence. In 2022, it will be vital for your physical and mental health to cultivate Binchy’s perspective, not Vidal’s. To the degree that you celebrate and enhance the fortunes of others, your own fortunes will thrive.
CANCER (June 21-July 22):
Cancerian political leader Nelson Mandela was wrongly incarcerated for 27 years. After his release, he became President of South Africa and won the Nobel Peace Prize. About leaving jail in 1990, he wrote, “As I walked out the door toward the gate that would lead to my freedom, I knew if I didn’t leave my bitterness and hatred behind, I’d still be in prison.” Although you haven’t suffered deprivation anywhere close to what Mandela did, I’m happy to report that 2022 will bring you liberations from limiting situations. Please adopt Mandela’s approach as you make creative use of your new freedom.
LEO (July 23-Aug. 22):
French poet André Breton wrote, “Je vous souhaite d’être follement aimée.” In English, those words can be rendered as “My wish is that you may be loved to the point of madness” or “I wish you to be loved madly.” That’s got a romantic ring to it, but it’s actually a curse. Why would we want to be loved to the point of madness? A person who “loved” you like that might be fun for a while, but would ultimately become a terrible inconvenience and ongoing disruption. So, dear Leo, I won’t wish that you will be loved to the point of madness in 2022—even though I think the coming months will be an interesting and educational time for amour. Instead, I will wish you something more manageable and enjoyable: that you will be loved with respect, sensitivity, care, and intelligence.
VIRGO (Aug. 23-Sept. 22):
Many people in our culture are smart intellectually, but not very smart emotionally. The wisdom of feelings is undervalued. I protest! One of my great crusades is to champion this neglected source of insight. I am counting on you to be my ally in 2022. Why? Because according to my reading of the astrological omens, you have the potential to ripen your emotional intelligence in the coming months. Do you have ideas about how to take full advantage of this lucky opportunity? Here’s a tip: Whenever you have a decision to make, tune in to what your body and heart tell you as well as to what your mind advises.
LIBRA (Sept. 23-Oct. 22):
Holocaust survivor Viktor Frankl said that a sense of meaning is crucial. It’s the key gratification that sustains people through the years: the feeling that their life has a meaning and that particular experiences have meaning. I suggest you make this your theme for 2022. The question “Are you happy?” will be a subset of the more inclusive question, “Are you pursuing a destiny that feels meaningful to you?” Here’s the other big question: “If what you’re doing doesn’t feel meaningful, what are you going to do about it?”
SCORPIO (Oct. 23-Nov. 21):
Scorpio guitarist Rowland S. Howard spoke of “the grand occasions when love really does turn into something far greater than you had ever dreamed of, something auto-luminescent.” Judging from the astrological configurations in 2022, I have strong hopes and expectations that you will experience prolonged periods when love will fit that description. For best results, resolve to become more generous and ingenious in expressing love than you have ever been.
SAGITTARIUS (Nov. 22-Dec. 21):
“I’ve been trying to go home my whole life,” writes poet Chelsea Dingman. I know some of you Sagittarians resist the urge to do that. It’s possible you avoid seeking a true and complete home. You may think of the whole world as your home, or you may regard a lot of different places as your homes. And you’d prefer not to narrow down the feeling and concept of “home” to one location or building or community. Whether or not you are one of those kinds of Centaurs, I suspect that 2022 will bring you unexpected new understandings of home—and maybe even give you the sense that you have finally arrived in your ultimate sanctuary.
WANT MORE? Listen to Rob’s EXPANDED AUDIO HOROSCOPES, 4-5 minute meditations on the current state of your destiny — or subscribe to his unique daily text message service at: RealAstrology.com
(Zodiac images by Numerologysign.com, CC license)
SHARE The Wisdom With Friends Who Are Stars in Your Life on Social Media…
This blog was submitted to GNN by one of our readers, Roxane Jessi, for publishing. If you have an interesting story of kindness or positivity, be sure and send it to us for review.
Back in 2017, I met with Santa’s doppelganger at the Burning Man event, which used to take place every September pre-COVID. He was giving out gifts from his large sack at the impromptu Jazz Cafe. We had a lovely chat but did not exchange contact details.
The next year I bumped into the same man again at Burning Man. We recognized each other and he gave me a new gift. Out of the blue, he then brought out a saxophone and went up to the stage to play Santa Claus is coming to town with the band.
This time I got his email address and waited several months until the night of Christmas Eve to write to him, telling Santa what Christmas meant to me, and how special his act of spreading joy was.
He responded as ‘Santa’ on Christmas day and this has been the start of a yearly tradition of letter exchanges. The next year, I surprised him, prancing into the Jazz Cafe along with 13 of my friends dressed as reindeers. We came bearing gifts, so that Santa would finally be the one receiving presents.
In the last two years we have not been able to meet during the pandemic, but the letter tradition has lived on.
Our letters have been filled with nostalgia for better days, and their themes have followed the changing times.
For instance, in 2020 Santa said he was working remotely—and his Christmas factory started producing hand sanitizer because the pandemic required him to wipe down the sleigh between house visits dropping off gifts. (They are quite responsible like that.)
While the elves did not receive Christmas bonuses Santa made sure there were no layoffs. While working from home, Santa was also on the Doughvid-19 diet and worried he may not fit through chimneys. Meanwhile I, as Rudolph (‘Ruddie’), lamented the lack of children stroking his fur and wondered whether the light of my nose would be hidden behind a mask while making deliveries.
Now that my nieces are old enough to write, they have joined in the letter tradition, expressing their own COVID-19 related concerns.
It is these forays into imaginary worlds that allow us to get through collective hardships, and these lighthearted connections and traditions are all the more meaningful in our socially isolated times.
Though I engage in a nomadic lifestyle, I generally am based in Barcelona, Spain, and am hoping to reunite with Santa in 2022. It has brought me much joy to have such a special pen pal over the years. Here are some highlights of our letter exchanges:
First letter in 2018:
“Dearest Santa, I love what Christmas represents, and meeting you on Burn Night reminded me that every moment is magic and the world is a better place when we are allowed to act like children again. And believe me I felt like a child in that moment when you reached into your big old sack and handed me one of your gifts! Sometimes it takes a jolly man in a Santa suit to remind you of that…”
Santa’s response:
“Dear Roxane, You are an excellent writer. Your letter certainly showed a more advanced level of cognition, perception, and erudition than the typical letters I get which are often written in crayon. I hope you received the response from my assistant while I was making deliveries, and forgive me for not replying to your kind letter sooner. It was the most hectic holiday season I can remember. Mrs. Claus and I were quite irresponsible and took a vacation to New Zealand the first two weeks of November. We spent the following 5 weeks playing catchup.
RELATED: Retired Couple Makes 1,400 Gorgeous Wooden Toys for Kids in Need at Christmas: ’People need hope’
I am glad we met at Jazz camp, and twice no less. I don’t give such presents to just anybody, but you seemed to have some inner sparkle that inspired me. Throwing your inhibitions aside and exploring your inner child is a wonderful thing. I try to nurture my playful side, so helping others to do so is a joy. When I put on the suit it brings out the child in many people. For some, when I ask if they have been good or bad the last year, it precipitates a very intense self analysis of their lives…. Santa aka ‘Whitebeard’”
My letter from Christmas 2021 (I go by Rudolph, now, in our exchanges)
“Dear Santa,
Still, in the midst of this hyper accelerated “new normality,” this reindeer has kept a soft spot for the rituals of the past. It is always good to take time to reflect on how far we’ve come over the last year. Even though it may crop up on us, each circle around the sun is a new line that we wear. Etched in us like the stumps of ancient furs trees in the forest. Although it started rather muted, this year has seen the world reopen. People have come together again, and we have tasted the seeds of hope anew. Yet in some ways it feels like the interim chapter in a trilogy. That in-between state when the world sways between old and new, trying to find its feet. But these moments in the story are always as full of adventures as they are of reckonings. Opportunities to shape what will be. Times to craft our hero journeys… Rudie”
SHARE the Letter–writing Magic With Santa’s Friends on Social Media…
A vast swath of dark rocky glass littering a Chilean desert has remained a mystery for a decade, but Brown University researchers just confirmed it was made by an exploding comet.
Around 12,000 years ago, something scorched a 47-mile (75km) stretch of the Atacama Desert with heat so intense that it turned the sandy soil into a widespread graveyard of silicate glass slabs. Now, a research team studying the distribution and composition of those glasses has come to a conclusion about what caused the inferno.
They found no evidence that the fields of dark green or black glass could have been created by volcanic activity, so the origin had been a mystery.
In a study published in the journal Geology, researchers show that samples of the desert glass contain tiny fragments with minerals often found in rocks of extraterrestrial origin. Those minerals closely match the composition of material returned to Earth by NASA’s particles samples from a comet.
The researchers now conclude that those mineral assemblages are likely the remains of an extraterrestrial object—most likely a comet—that exploded just above the ground, and melted and fused the sandy soil below.
POPULAR: Chinese Rover Spots Weird, Large ‘Cube’ on the Moon
“This is the first time we have clear evidence of glasses on Earth that were created by the thermal radiation and winds from a fireball exploding just above the surface,” said Pete Schultz, a professor emeritus in Brown University’s Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences. “To have such a dramatic effect on such a large area, this was a truly massive explosion. Lots of us have seen bolide fireballs streaking across the sky, but those are tiny blips compared to this.”
Some researchers have posited that the glass resulted from ancient grass fires, as the region wasn’t always desert. During the Pleistocene epoch, there were oases with trees and grassy wetlands created by rivers extending from mountains to the east, and it’s been suggested that widespread fires may have burned hot enough to melt the sandy soil into large glassy slabs.
But the amount of glass present along with several key physical characteristics make simple fires an impossible formation mechanism, the new research found. The glasses show evidence of having been twisted, folded, rolled and even thrown while still in molten form. That’s consistent with a large incoming meteor and airburst explosion, which would have been accompanied by tornado-force winds. The mineralogy of the glass casts further serious doubt on the grassfire idea, after Schultz and colleagues performed a detailed chemical analysis of dozens of samples taken from glass deposits across the region.
The analysis found minerals called zircons that had thermally decomposed to form baddeleyite. That mineral transition typically happens in temperatures in excess of 3,000 degrees Fahrenheit — far hotter than what could be generated by grass fires, Schultz says.
The analysis also turned up assemblages of exotic minerals only found in meteorites and other extraterrestrial rocks, the researchers say. Specific minerals like cubanite, troilite and calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions matched mineral signatures from comet samples retrieved from NASA’s Stardust mission.
“Those minerals are what tell us that this object has all the markings of a comet,” said Scott Harris, a planetary geologist at the Fernbank Science Center and study co-author. “To have the same mineralogy we saw in the Stardust samples entrained in these glasses is really powerful evidence that what we’re seeing is the result of a cometary airburst.”
CHECK OUT: Scientists May Have Detected the ‘Hum’ of the Universe That Could Change Astronomy Forever
More work needs to be done to establish the exact ages of the glass, which would determine exactly when the event took place, Schultz says. But the tentative dating puts the impact right around time that large mammals disappeared from the region.
“It’s too soon to say if there was a causal connection or not, but what we can say is that this event did happen around the same time as when we think the megafauna disappeared, which is intriguing,” Schultz said. “There’s also a chance that this was actually witnessed by early inhabitants, who had just arrived in the region. It would have been quite a show.”
Schultz and his team hope that further research may help to constrain the timing and shed light on the size of the impactor. For now, Schultz hopes this study may help researchers identify similar blast sites elsewhere and reveal the potential risk posed by such events.
MORE: ‘Once-in-a generation’ Fossil Discovery Reveals New Species in 16-Million-Year-old Amber
“There may be lots of these blast scars out there, but until now we haven’t had enough evidence to make us believe they were truly related to airburst events,” Schultz said. “I think this site provides a template to help refine our impact models and will help to identify similar sites elsewhere.”
Solve The Mystery for Rock Enthusiasts By Sharing on Social Media…
