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10 Ornamental Flowers You Can Cook With or Eat in Salads

Marigold, Augustine Fou

Beautiful to look at, flowers are a welcome addition to almost any environment, including the kitchen or restaurant. Avant-garde cuisine often features edible flowers, but you don’t have to have a Michelin star to join in—you only need to know which species are edible.

Some flowers we commonly plant are poisonous, or have poisonous components, while others can act like little multivitamins.

There are hundreds of flower species and varieties that can be added to salads, drinks, desserts, or other dishes, some of which you may already have in your yard. Furthermore their flavor is as varied as their colors and shapes, and no matter what taste you’re looking for, there’s probably a flower that possesses it.

Alliums (chives, leek, and garlic)

Chive, Hanne Hoogendam

For many gardeners, these species are already there and planted for their stalks and roots, but the flowers of this family have a mild taste that compliments other parts of the plant well.

Pickled chive flowers make a great addition to peppery cocktails like a Bloody Mary or Martini.

Marigolds, Calendula

Marigolds, Silvia Corradin

Beautiful in beds, pots, verges, or as a companion plant in a vegetable garden, marigolds (but not African marigolds) also have a zingy, lemony taste to them, and thus make perfect additions to desserts like cheesecake or fruit tarts.

Furthermore their yellow leaves contain a natural dye that’s known as “poor man’s saffron” and can be used to make yellow dishes, or even dye natural fibers.

The flowers from pot marigolds, a species known as calendula, not only add a touch of piquancy to a dish, but are good for wound healing as well.

Honeysuckles

Honeysuckle, Annie Spratt

Owing to their name, honeysuckles have a sweet nectary taste. As a kid growing up in Virginia, we would pick the flowers, nibble off the base and suck out the nectar like a straw.

You can also cook with them and their sweet taste compliments sweet dishes, or can be used to freshen up/take the edge off spicy or rich dishes. They can also be used to make jam.

Nasturtiums

Nasturtium, Nareeta Martin

The flowers from the watercress family can be eaten and have a very similar taste to watercress itself.

The peppery flowers are a colorful way to introduce flavor to bland salads, or can be used as a pepper substitute if someone is sensitive to peppercorns.

“Weeds” (Mint, Chamomile, Dandelions)

Dandelion field by Vadim Indeikin, CC license

These prolific lawn denizens are very versatile plants, and can be eaten in many different ways. The flowers of all three can be eaten, and since they can often be found in the same meadow, instantly add color, flavor, diversity, and style to any salad.

Mint and chamomile leaves are sold around the world in teas, while dandelion leaves, though often quite bitter, are much healthier even than spinach.

Tulips

Tulip, Krystina Rogers

Tulip flowers’ curved petals, as one homesteading blogger wrote, are perfect for freezing to use as temporary ice cream or yogurt scoops.

Their sweet lettuce flavor makes them great in spring salads as well.

Perfumeries (Lavender, Roses)

Rose, GNN

While these flowers are often used to create scented soaps or perfumes, they can also be eaten, or cooked into a broth to flavor different dishes.

MORE: 8 in 10 Youth Think Gardening is Cool, and Half Would Rather Visit a Garden Center Than a Nightclub

Rosewater is common in Middle Eastern cooking, while lavender is sometimes used as an ice-cream flavor agent—only be careful with lavender flowers since their flavor is really intense and can make your food taste like laundry detergent if you over do it.

Pansies

Pansy, Mostafa Meraji

As the quintessential ornamental plant for professional centers and office blocks, most of us have seen pansies in every imaginable color.

RELATED: 8 Cheap Gardening Hacks For Plants – Using Wine and Plastic Bottles, Orange Peels and Coffee Grounds

This color can be added to a salad no problem, and their mild lettuce taste wont get in the way of key ingredients.

Hostas

Christin Noelle

Not only do hostas own beautiful waxy leaves, but most parts of this popular ornamental plant are edible, including their bunches of light blue and white flowers.

They are great, says Rural Sprout’s blogger, in a stir fry, and actually the entire hostas plant has the potential to be a productive foodstuff.

Borage

Kurt Liebhauser

The fuzzy leaves of this plant sit under blue, cucumbery, edible flowers. As such the refresh-factor is high, and can be added to salads, or desserts.

One cool idea is to freeze them inside ice cubes to be added into drinks later.

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“In the end, these things matter most: How well did you love? How fully did you live? How deeply did you let go?” – Jack Kornfield

Quote of the Day: “In the end, these things matter most: How well did you love? How fully did you live? How deeply did you let go?” – Jack Kornfield, Buddha’s Little Instruction Book

Photo: by Robert V. Ruggiero

With a new inspirational quote every day, atop the perfect photo—collected and archived on our Quote of the Day page—why not bookmark GNN.org for a daily uplift?

2 Days After Her Wedding, Bride Donates Kidney to Groom’s Ex-Wife

Mylaen Merthe
Mylaen Merthe

When a woman marries, she’s generally showered with gifts. But one big-hearted bride recently decided it was better to give than to receive. In fact she gave the biggest gift of all—the gift of life.

Just two days after she’d taken her vows, Debby Neal-Strickland in Florida swapped her wedding dress for a hospital gown in order to donate a desperately needed kidney. The lucky recipient? Her brand-new husband’s former wife.

Debby and Jim Strickland have been a devoted couple for a decade. Throughout their courtship, Jim maintained a cordial relationship with his ex, Mylaen Merthe, raising their two kids amicably, and while Debby and Mylaen weren’t particularly close, they got along fine.

And that’s likely how the relationship would have remained until fate dictated otherwise.

Mylaen, who’d long suffered from kidney disease, took a turn for the worse at just about the same time she’d learned her daughter was pregnant with her first grandchild. Her kidneys were functioning at just 8% of normal capacity. Without a transplant, her odds of survival decreased every day.

MORE: Mother of NHL Hockey Star Donates Kidney to Ice Rink Manager Who Kept Her Kids Out of Trouble

The hunt for a donor match was on. Mylaen’s brother wasn’t a viable candidate—but miraculously, Debby was.

For Debby, the thought of a child growing up not knowing its grandmother—of a daughter dealing with grief when she should be concentrating on the joys of new motherhood—wasn’t something she was willing to let happen if she could do anything to stop it.

Having lost a brother to cystic fibrosis while waiting for a lung transplant, she knew time was of the essence. With a green light on the tissue sample and blood tests, Debby willingly scheduled the life-saving surgery for just 48 hours after her nuptials.

“It was the most amazing day of my life, until two days later. That was also the most amazing day of my life,” Debby told Fox News.

Since the successful procedure, Mylaen and Debby have bonded and now refer to one another as “kidney sisters.” Mylaen is watching her new grandson Jackson grow up from the home she currently shares with her daughter and son-in-law, even as Debby and Jim’s family of six foster children and grandkids has expanded to include Mylaen and her brood in its loving embrace.

RELATED: ‘She’s Our Miracle’: This Minnesota Teacher Donated a Kidney to the School’s Custodian

And all thanks to a “gesture from the heart.”

“This is what the world is about. Family. We need to stick together,” Mylaen told FOX. “She saved my life.”

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If You Want to Master a New Skill Take Plenty of Breaks While Practicing

Rodnae Productions

In a study of healthy volunteers, researchers have mapped out the brain activity that flows when we learn a new skill, such as playing a new song on the piano, and discovered why taking short breaks from practice is a key to learning.

The National Institute of Health researchers found that during rest the volunteers’ brains rapidly and repeatedly replayed faster versions of the activity seen while they practiced typing a code. The more a volunteer replayed the activity the better they performed during subsequent practice sessions, suggesting rest strengthened memories.

“Our results support the idea that wakeful rest plays just as important a role as practice in learning a new skill. It appears to be the period when our brains compress and consolidate memories of what we just practiced,” said Leonardo G. Cohen, senior author of the study. “Understanding this role of neural replay may not only help shape how we learn new skills but also how we help patients recover skills lost after neurological injury like stroke.”

The study was conducted at the NIH Clinical Center. Dr. Cohen’s team used a highly sensitive scanning technique, called magnetoencephalography, to record the brain waves of 33 healthy, right-handed volunteers as they learned to type a five-digit test code with their left hands.

The subjects sat in a chair and under the scanner’s long, cone-shaped cap. An experiment began when a subject was shown the code “41234” on a screen and asked to type it out as many times as possible for 10 seconds and then take a 10 second break. Subjects were asked to repeat this cycle of alternating practice and rest sessions a total of 35 times.

During the first few trials, the speed at which subjects correctly typed the code improved dramatically and then leveled off around the 11th cycle. In a previous study, led by former NIH postdoctoral fellow Marlene Bönstrup, Dr. Cohen’s team showed that most of these gains happened during short rests, and not when the subjects were typing.

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Moreover, the gains were greater than those made after a night’s sleep and were correlated with a decrease in the size of brain waves, called beta rhythms. In this new report, the researchers searched for something different in the subjects’ brain waves.

“We wanted to explore the mechanisms behind memory strengthening seen during wakeful rest. Several forms of memory appear to rely on the replaying of neural activity, so we decided to test this idea out for procedural skill learning,” said Ethan R. Buch, a staff scientist on Dr. Cohen’s team and leader of the study.

To do this, Leonardo Claudino, a former postdoctoral fellow in Dr. Cohen’s lab, helped Dr. Buch develop a computer program which allowed the team to decipher the brain wave activity associated with typing each number in the test code.

The program helped them discover that a much faster version—about 20 times faster—of the brain activity seen during typing was replayed during the rest periods. Over the course of the first eleven practice trials, these compressed versions of the activity were replayed many times—about 25 times—per rest period. This was two to three times more often than the activity seen during later rest periods or after the experiments had ended, the study, published in Cell Reports explains.

MORE: Kids Have Been Reading Longer, More Difficult Books in Lockdown, and It’s Boosting Moods

Interestingly, they found that the frequency of replay during rest predicted memory strengthening. In other words, the subjects whose brains replayed the typing activity more often showed greater jumps in performance after each trial than those who replayed it less often.

“During the early part of the learning curve we saw that wakeful rest replay was compressed in time, frequent, and a good predictor of variability in learning a new skill across individuals,” said Dr. Buch. “This suggests that during wakeful rest the brain binds together the memories required to learn a new skill.”

RELATED: Study Arts and Science Together Like Da Vinci Did, And You’ll Get Best Outcome, Researchers Say

As expected, the team discovered that the replay activity often happened in the sensorimotor regions of the brain, which are responsible for controlling movements. However, they also saw activity in other brain regions, namely the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex.

“We were a bit surprised by these last results. Traditionally, it was thought that the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex may not play such a substantive role in procedural memory.

In contrast, our results suggest that these regions are rapidly chattering with the sensorimotor cortex when learning these types of skills,” said Dr. Cohen. “Overall, our results support the idea that manipulating replay activity during waking rest may be a powerful tool that researchers can use to help individuals learn new skills faster and possibly facilitate rehabilitation from stroke.”

Source: NIH/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke

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Scientists Design Junk Food Game to Help People Eat Less, Lose Weight – Study Shows it Works

Andres Ayrton

Using a brain-training app helps people eat less junk food and lose weight, new research suggests.

The Food Trainer (FoodT app) trains people to tap on images of healthy foods—but to stop when they see unhealthy snacks, creating an association between these foods and stopping.

The new study, by the universities of Exeter and Helsinki, found that playing the game about once a day for a month led to an average one-point reduction of junk food consumption on an eight-point scale (the scale ranges from four or more items per day, to one or zero items per month).

Overall, people who used the app more also reported larger changes in their food intake.

About half of the study’s 1,234 participants followed the recommendation and played the game at least 10 times.

Across all participants, an average weight loss of half a kilogram (just over a pound) and a small increase in healthy food eaten was seen.

“As an example, someone who ate each junk food two to four times a week reduced this to once a week after using the app regularly for a month,” said Professor Natalia Lawrence, of the University of Exeter.

“Overall, the findings are really encouraging. The app is free and it only takes about four minutes per day—so it’s something people realistically can do—and our results suggest it is effective. “There’s some evidence that the benefits were stronger for people who were more overweight.

“We would expect to see this, because the app targets mechanisms that lead people to become overweight, such as the strong urges to approach and consume tempting junk foods.”

Dr Matthias Aulbach, of the University of Helsinki, added: “For anyone with unhealthy eating habits—perhaps developed during lockdown—FoodT might be helpful.”

RELATED: Americans Who Drink This Much Water a Day Were More Likely to Report Feeling ‘Very Happy’

The study, published in Appetite Journal, used FoodT usage data, and the app also periodically asks questions about how often users eat certain foods, along with other information such as their age and weight.

The findings suggest that using the app regularly was linked with bigger changes in eating habits.

MORE: Researchers Discover Intermittent Fasting is Effective at Promoting Long-Term Memory in Mice

“If you’re trying to teach the brain something new, it’s a good idea to space out the learning over multiple sessions,” said Dr Aulbach.

“It may be helpful to do the training in different contexts—not just at home but at work and elsewhere, so the associations you learn don’t just relate to one location.

“From our results it seems important that you do the training regularly and don’t just stop. So keep it interesting and relevant for yourself so you won’t get bored with it: personalize the app as far as possible and pick the foods that you find really hard to resist.”

CHECK OUT: Next Time You’re Feeling Particularly Stressed or Anxious, This Study Says You Should Play Tetris

The researchers stress that their findings should be interpreted cautiously, because there was no control (comparison) group and other factors (such as the possibility that people who did more training were also separately more motivated to lose weight) could play a part in the results.

Leaving a review on Google Play, one app user wrote: “Really useful. Seems to work on different levels whether it’s the green/red circle association of stop/go which psychologically makes you more aware, I’m not sure—but my cravings have reduced dramatically and I no longer eat in the evening mindlessly.”

Source: University of Exeter

This Single Tree Could Restore Degraded Land, Create a Biofuel Revolution, Power Cars, and Feed Families

FORDIA Research Forest in Parungpanjang, Bogor Regency, Indonesia/Yusuf Bahtimi
FORDIA Research Forest in Parungpanjang, Bogor Regency, Indonesia/Yusuf Bahtimi

Growing across much of Asia, it’s known by many names: including Indian Beech, pongamia, Karum tree, kranji, and malapari.

Pongamia pinnata is a member of the pea family that is being considered by Indonesian forestry experts for potential landscape restoration and the future of bioenergy.

A number of big challenges are bearing down on the Indonesian archipelago of more than 17,000 islands, and the government has to find ways in which it can restore 14 million hectares of degraded land to keep its promise to the UN, while also developing a green energy sector worth 23% of total grid contributions in just 5 years.

The country’s natural gas and oil reserves are projected to dry up by 2030, even while energy demand—currently served by fossil fuels—is increasing.

Enter the pongamia tree: growing well on degraded or marginal land in both wet and dry climates, it can be found from India to the west, right the way across to Fiji in the Pacific. For centuries, its orange/brown seeds have been pressed into oil for leather tanning, soap making, wound healing, and more.

Indonesia’s Ministry of Forestry and Environment’s Research is looking into pongamia for mass tree planting as they believe this special oil can be used to power a biomass energy revolution, as well as offering a new crop for local communities to thrive off of economically, and even use as food.

The trick with trying to plant all these trees in rural areas is they have to provide multiple benefits, for multiple parties, across multiple periods of time. Trees that grow fast may not live long enough to affect long term change within the soil, while trees that grow long and strong may be chopped down by citizens because they don’t produce anything.

Trees that produce forest products may not support a functioning ecosystem among them, or may not restore the land at all, but that is vital if 14 million hectares are to be renewed by the time of the Paris Climate Accord targets.

One more Tree of Life

The coconut and the baobab both have the honor of being referred to as the ‘tree of life’ by certain Indigenous groups, and the pongamia could certainly be accorded that honor as well.

One of the fastest growing trees in the Indonesian Archipelago, it can thrive in arid and wet land, from sea level to 1,200 meters above it. Degraded soil, like the kind which can be found on the boundaries of agricultural land, suit the pongamia just fine, and it improves the quality of the soil as it’s a nitrogen fixer.

Modern extraction methods confirmed the oil’s potential as a biofuel crop, with one study finding 44% more oil per seed extracted than traditional methods. When combined with 5% gasoline, it can power diesel engines in vehicles without compromising performance. This is key as many of the more remote Indonesian islands are powered by diesel generators.

MORE: For the First Time in 170 Years, Asia’s Longest-Missing Bird is Seen in Indonesia

The Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) is accompanying the Indonesian Forestry Ministry on their research into pongamia, and one of their scientists, Budi Leksono, recounts that the trees can even be used for food, as when the seeds are pre-treated and dried they can be turned into a nutritious flour.

“I haven’t tried it myself yet,” Leksono told Forest News. “but in the trials, everyone said it was delicious!”

CIFOR is working to see if pongamia plantations are suitable for abandoned mining land and degraded peatlands, the latter being one of the most carbon-rich soils on the planet, and ideal for capturing CO2 from the atmosphere. Recently this was done in Central Kalimantan Province on Borneo.

RELATED: 4 Major Asian Nations Cancel 80% of Planned Coal Power Projects After Fossil Fuel Market Crashes in 2020

“We planted the trees a year ago, and so far they are growing faster than other similar species,” said Leksono. “This suggests they may be particularly tolerant to harsh conditions, and would then be especially promising for restoration and rehabilitation of degraded land.”

Lastly, another partner organization, the South Korean Forest Service, is seeing if Pongamia can be grown alongside other agri-forestry staples like coffee. The first step is seeing how the roots grow and where, to see if others can co-exist peacefully.

CHECK OUT: The World’s Oldest Known Cave Painting Has Been Discovered in Indonesia

It’s a case study that sometimes a nation has to look to their past to solve the problems of the future.

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Bees Have a New, Lifesaving ‘Vaccine’ to Make Them Immune to Pesti-Side Effects

There’s been a lot of talk about vaccines these days, but not for bees. But a Cornell student has figured that since our most important pollinators are regularly exposed to lethal pesticides, there ought to be talk about a bee vaccine.

James Webb did more than talk though, he invented one—a pollen-sized microparticle containing a compound that neutralized one of the most commonly used and toxic pesticide bees encounter. Once fed to bees, they demonstrated hugely increased survival rates after being exposed to the pesticide compound malathion.

Beemunnity is a marketable supplement/vaccine for beekeepers that was demonstrated in a study—published in Nature journal—to prevent 100% of bee deaths from malathion (whereas the survival rate of bees exposed to malathion in the control group was 0%).

The enzyme it contains enters the digestive system and breaks down the malathion before it reaches the bee’s brain.

MORE: Orchids Make Fake Pollen to Tempt the Bees – But Scientists Discover it’s as Valuable as the Real Thing

The first product was only effective for one major chemical used in agriculture pesticides, but Webb is trying to develop others, as well as have one for wild bee species ready by the end of the year. For example, the same pollen-inspired microparticle technology can be filled with a special oil that soaks up other pesticides like a sponge. The bee leaves the particle behind when it goes to the bathroom, but the pesticides don’t return to the environment.

“So far we have not found one pesticide which cannot be captured by the technology,” Webb writes.

“I always thought there was a lot of research going into seeing if bees were dying, and the extent to which bees were dying, but not really many solutions,” Webb told Adele Peters of Fast Company.

RELATED: These Homegrown Mushroom Hives Could Save Ireland’s Bees

Webb acknowledges this is a last resort, but that until industrial agriculture can get pesticides out of their operations, his products will help beekeepers and enthusiasts alike to protect their bees.

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“I don’t think of all the misery, but of the beauty that still remains.” – Anne Frank

Quote of the Day: “I don’t think of all the misery, but of the beauty that still remains.” – Anne Frank, The Diary of a Young Girl

Photo: Siberian iris by GWC

With a new inspirational quote every day, atop the perfect photo—collected and archived on our Quote of the Day page—why not bookmark GNN.org for a daily uplift?

 

Diver Emerges Unscathed From the Mouth of Humpback Whale: ‘I was completely inside’

Packard Family
Packard family

In the Bible, God’s unwilling messenger Jonah is cast into the sea and swallowed up by the Leviathan, where he spends three days and three nights rethinking the error of his ways before being tossed on Nineveh’s shore to complete his appointed mission.

On Friday, June 11th, 56-year-old Wellfleet, Massachusett’s resident Michael Packard wasn’t fleeing the wrath of the Lord when he dove into the waters of Provincetown’s Herring Cove Beach. He was diving for lobster.

But in a straight out of Jaws scenario, like Jonah before him, in one fell swoop, Packard found himself seemingly in ‘the belly of the beast’—a humpback whale’s mouth.

“All of a sudden, I felt this huge shove and the next thing I knew it was completely black,” Packard told the Cape Cod Times. “I could sense I was moving, and I could feel the whale squeezing with the muscles in his mouth.”

Packard’s first terrifying thought as he struggled in the darkess was that he’d been scarfed down by great white shark. While it didn’t take him long to realize the gullet in which he was uncomfortably lodged belonged to a whale rather than a toothy shark, his prospects for survival still didn’t look good.

Christopher Michel, CC license

As panicked as Packard was, the whale was more than a little distressed as well. A humpback’s usual diet consists of fish, krill, and other small marine animals. Cumbersome humans are definitely not on their preferred menu.

According to marine biologists, the most likely explanation for the feeding faux pas was the medium-sized humpback, dining on a school of sand lances on the ocean floor whilst moving with great momentum, unintentionally vacuumed up the stunned commercial diver along with his morning meal.

“They can basically open their mouth through 90° and kind of unlock their jaw and have it drop down,” New England Aquarium’s lead whale researcher Peter Corkeron said in an interview NBC News-10 Boston.

“The water off the Cape is pretty murky,” Corkeron added, “and when whales are doing these feeds, they’re moving really fast… This [was] just an accident. I imagine the whale had this, ‘Oh my goodness!’ moment and probably got rid of him as quickly as it could.”

MORE: Watch Quick-Thinking Kayakers Save Pair of Rare Eagles Drowning in the Danube River

Thrashing its head, the whale made for the surface in a major hurry, where it speedily spat the gobsmacked Packard back into the briny water. The entire episode took under a minute, but it was enough for Packard to see his life flash before his eyes.

“I was completely inside; it was completely black,” Packard told Cape Cod News. “I thought to myself, ‘there’s no way I’m getting out of here. I’m done, I’m dead.’ All I could think of was my boys—they’re 12 and 15 years old.”

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Although he suffered a dislocated knee and a great deal of soft tissue damage, for a lobsterman who’d been recently ingested and disgorged by a 25-ton marine mammal, Packard survived the encounter remarkably intact—and thankful to be alive.

While it’s a story that’s likely to take on biblical proportions in the retelling, at least for everyone concerned—man and Leviathan—this is one whale of a tale that’s got a happy ending.

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80-Year-old Bonsai Master Creates Incredible Tiny Forests As a Rebel in the Ancient Art – LOOK

Omiya Bonsai Art Museum
Omiya Bonsai Art Museum

Bonsai is the Japanese art of growing ornamental, artificially dwarfed trees.

Masahiko Kimura began creating his first bonsai designs in his mid-teens.

Featuring dead wood sculpted by tools of his own design, they broke traditional rules dating back centuries.

Perhaps Kimura’s rebellious rule breaking shouldn’t be too surprising: His first dream? To be a rock and roll star.

Over the decades, Kimura’s unique style has gone on to become accepted and even revered—with fans nicknaming him “The Magician.”

These days Kimura—who is now in his 80s—is one of the country’s rare bonsai masters, and he has apprentices all over the globe.

(WATCH the video to tour Kimura’s bonsai garden below.)

(MEET Kimura in this interview with the great bonsai master.)

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Scientists Discover a New Brown Species They Named the ‘Chocolate Frog’ – And it’s Adorable

Queensland Museum Network
Queensland Museum Network

In the “nasty” swamps of New Guinea, a frog specialist has discovered a new species which he decided to call the “chocolate frog.”

Far from the fugitive confectionaries containing famous witch or wizard trading cards from the Harry Potter series, the real thing is a close relative of the Australian green tree frog, only coated in a chocolate brown skin.

Steve Richard’s home of South Australia can be a paradise, but the same can’t necessarily be said for the environment he decided to work in. New Guinea is covered in dense jungle and mangrove swamp. It’s one of the least-explored jungles on Earth, and filled with poisonous plants and animals.

Nevertheless, despite nightmarish conditions, Richards has discovered 200 frog species in its depths.

The chocolate frog, or Litoria mira, was found by Richards and his team in 2016, but analysis had to be given time to stack up before it was confirmed that, rather than being a population that migrated to New Guinea somehow, L. mira was its very own species.

Part of the difficulty is that Australian green tree frogs have been known to both exist in New Guinea and turn brown. But subtle difficulties helped the herpetologists make the call, including small patches of lavender skin around the eyes, and the fact that the chocolate frog was a bit smaller.

Queensland Museum Network

Profiled by The GuardianRichard’s explains that he accidentally disturbed an overhanging nest of giant hornets during the course of collecting the frog specimens, and had to sprint in order to escape the insects’ wrath.

MORE: New Species, Devil-eyed Frog, and Satyr Butterfly Not Seen For a Century Found in Forests 30 Miles From the Capital

“…It took so long to find this frog,” he told the British newspaper. “It’s swampy, it’s spiky, there are lots of malaria-carrying mozzies, it floods, there are crocodiles and not many roads. It’s a really unpleasant place to work.”

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Nigerian Homes Built From Thousands of Plastic Bottles –12x Stronger Than Brick And Earthquake Strong

YouTube/Al Jazeera
YouTube/Al Jazeera

New Mexico is known for its adobe dwellings, Kyoto for its wooden temples, and now, in rural Nigeria, there are villages making waves for their plastic bottle houses.

Discarded plastic bottles can be found along too many miles of Earth roads—and in Nigeria, one of the most populated African countries, there are enough to create a new sustainable construction business.

In fact, there are now houses being built with discarded plastic bottles that are filled with sand and set into a wall via a lattice pattern. The homes are offered for lower prices which helps rural villages.

And, this greener construction method is strong and durable, able to withstand earthquakes—and even bullets.

Called bottle-brick technology, Al Jazeera reports that the walls are 18-times stronger than regular bricks.

In the central state of Kaduna, the project employs out-of-school or jobless youth filling bottles with sand before stacking them amid a glue of traditional mud technology, and securing the outside with a net. The result looks quite striking and can cost a third less than traditional housing in the region, with raw materials being almost free.

MORE: Scientists Create ‘Super Enzyme’ That Eats Plastic Bottles Six Times Faster than Previous Enzymes

As many as 14,000 plastic bottles will go in to making a house, and staff at the Development Association for Renewable Energies are hoping to pitch the project to the Nigerian government in order to secure some additional funding and expand the enterprise.

One thing is certain, the harvesting of bottles from rubbish-strewn roadsides is benefitting the neighborhood and the planet.

(WATCH the Al Jazeera video…)

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The Lifestyle of This Amazonian Tribe May Hold a Key to Healthy Aging

Chapman University
Chapman University

Although people in industrialized nations have access to modern medical care, they are more sedentary and eat a diet high in saturated fats. In contrast, the Tsimane have little or no access to health care but are extremely physically active and consume a high-fiber diet that includes vegetables, fish, and lean meat.

“The Tsimane have provided us with an amazing natural experiment on the potentially detrimental effects of modern lifestyles on our health,” said study author Andrei Irimia, an assistant professor of gerontology, neuroscience, and biomedical engineering at the USC Leonard Davis School of Gerontology and the USC Viterbi School of Engineering. “These findings suggest that brain atrophy may be slowed substantially by the same lifestyle factors associated with very low risk of heart disease.”

The researchers enrolled 746 Tsimane adults, ages 40 to 94, in their study. To acquire brain scans, they provided transportation for the participants from their remote villages to Trinidad, Bolivia, the closest town with CT scanning equipment. That journey could last as long as two full days with travel by river and road.

The team used the scans to calculate brain volumes and then examined their association with age for Tsimane. Next, they compared these results to those in three industrialized populations in the U.S. and Europe.

The scientists found that the difference in brain volumes between middle age and old age is 70% smaller in Tsimane than in Western populations. This suggests that the Tsimane’s brains likely experience far less brain atrophy than Westerners as they age; atrophy is correlated with risk of cognitive impairment, functional decline, and dementia.

MORE: Drinking This Juice Could Help Promote Healthy Aging, Scientists Find

The researchers note in their study, pubilshed in The Journals of Gerontology last month, that the Tsimane have high levels of inflammation, which is typically associated with brain atrophy in Westerners. But their study suggests that high inflammation does not have a pronounced effect upon Tsimane brains.

According to the study authors, the Tsimane’s low cardiovascular risks may outweigh their infection-driven inflammatory risk, raising new questions about the causes of dementia. One possible reason is that, in Westerners, inflammation is associated with obesity and metabolic causes whereas, in the Tsimane, it is driven by respiratory, gastrointestinal, and parasitic infections. Infectious diseases are the most prominent cause of death among the Tsimane.

RELATED: From City to Countryside, Study Suggests Wisdom Can Protect Against Loneliness

“Our sedentary lifestyle and diet rich in sugars and fats may be accelerating the loss of brain tissue with age and making us more vulnerable to diseases such as Alzheimer’s,” said study author Hillard Kaplan, a professor of health economics and anthropology at Chapman University who has studied the Tsimane for nearly two decades. “The Tsimane can serve as a baseline for healthy brain aging.”

Healthier hearts and healthier brains

The Indigenous Tsimane people captured scientists’—and the world’s—attention when an earlier study found them to have extraordinarily healthy hearts in older age.

That prior study, published by the Lancet in 2017, showed that Tsimane have the lowest prevalence of coronary atherosclerosis of any population known to science and that they have few cardiovascular disease risk factors. The very low rate of heart disease among the roughly 16,000 Tsimane is very likely related to their pre-industrial subsistence lifestyle of hunting, gathering, fishing, and farming.

READ: Drug Reverses Age-Related Mental Decline Within Days, Suggesting Lost Cognitive Ability is Not Permanent

“This study demonstrates that the Tsimane stand out not only in terms of heart health, but brain health as well,” Kaplan said. “The findings suggest ample opportunities for interventions to improve brain health, even in populations with high levels of inflammation.”

Source: University of South Carolina

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“What do we live for, if it is not to make life less difficult for each other?” – George Eliot

by juan pablo rodriguez

Quote of the Day: “What do we live for, if it is not to make life less difficult for each other?” – George Eliot

Photo: by juan pablo rodriguez

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by juan pablo rodriguez

Scientists Created a Mint That Whitens Teeth (Better Than Gels) And Rebuilds Tooth Enamel at the Same Time

Before too long, you may be able to buy a breath mint that rebuilds your tooth enamel while it whitens your teeth, thanks to a team of researchers.

The University of Washington team is preparing to launch clinical trials of a lozenge that contains a genetically engineered peptide, or chain of amino acids, along with phosphorus and calcium ions, which are building blocks of tooth enamel. The peptide is derived from amelogenin, the key protein in the formation of tooth enamel, the tooth’s crown. It is also key to the formation of cementum, which makes up the surface of the tooth root.

Each lozenge deposits several micrometers of new enamel on the teeth via the peptide, which is engineered to bind to the damaged enamel to repair it while not affecting the mouth’s soft tissue.

The new layer also integrates with dentin, the living tissue underneath the tooth’s surface. Two lozenges a day can rebuild enamel, while one a day can maintain a healthy layer. The lozenge—which can be used like a mint—is expected to be safe for use by adults and children alike.

The researchers have been discussing commercial applications with potential corporate partners, according to Professor Mehmet Sarikaya, the team leader.

The lozenge produces new enamel that is whiter than what tooth-whitening strips or gels produce. It has another distinct advantage: Conventional whitening treatments rely on hydrogen peroxide, a bleaching agent that can weaken tooth enamel after prolonged use. Since tooth enamel can’t regrow spontaneously, the underlying dentin can be exposed, with results ranging from hypersensitivity to cavities or even gum disease. The lozenge, on the other hand, strengthens, rebuilds, and protects teeth.

MORE: The Simple Habit of Flossing Reduces Your Risk Of COVID-19 Complications, Says New Study

While fluoride can also fortify tooth enamel, it does not actively rebuild it. It also dilutes relatively quickly, and its overall effectiveness depends largely on diligent oral hygiene. At the same time, the lozenge can also be used in conjunction with fluoride, Dr. Dogan said. The fluoride can be in a very low concentration, he added—about 20 percent of what is found in most fluoride toothpastes.

“We have three objectives in the clinical trial,” Professor Sarikaya said. “First, demonstrate efficacy. Second, documentation. Third, benchmarking—seeing how the whitening effect compares to existing commercial treatments.” The researchers have already tested the lozenge on extracted teeth from humans, pigs, and rats, and also on live rats.

RELATED: World’s First Plaque-Identifying Toothpaste Significantly Reduces Inflammation Throughout the Body

The team also plans to develop related products for use in dental offices, Dr. Dogan said, expecting this phase of trials to start in March or April. “Each study will take two weeks, and we expect these trials to take no more than three months,” he said. The team is also developing a toothpaste for over-the-counter use, but has not fixed a timetable for its introduction.

In addition, the researchers are investigating a gel or solution with the engineered peptide to treat hypersensitive teeth.

This problem results from weakness in the enamel that makes the underlying dentin and nerves more vulnerable to heat or cold. Most common products currently on the market can put a layer of organic material on the tooth and numb nerve endings with potassium nitrate, but the relief is only temporary. The peptide, however, addresses the problem permanently at its source by strengthening the enamel.

Source: University of Washington School of Dentistry

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She Spent Her Vacation Picking Up Trash Across the U.S., and Strangers Chipped in With Help and Gas

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A Colorado woman has spent 23 days picking up 126 bags of trash across the country.

Having over a month off from her job at a campus recreation center, 24-year-old Stefani Shamrowicz decided to take a trip to help clean up the environment.

She’s now driven over 70 hours through Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, Texas, Louisiana, Florida, Georgia, Tennessee, Kentucky, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New York—cleaning up everything from pee-filled bottles to lawn ornaments.

“About 80 per cent is drinking bottles and face masks have been pretty common,” said the Fort Collins local. “I’ve found a few fast-food toys and a tire with a pair of cowboy boots in it.”

Stefani said her aim isn’t to shame, but rather encourage people to do what they can.

“When I post it’s never ‘this is disgusting or we’re awful,’ it’s ‘hey I’m cleaning up this city’ and keeping a positive light on it,” she said.

“I’m not going to be able to pick up everything, but if everyone starts picking up some on walks or runs, that’s where the magic is.”

Collecting anywhere from one to 16 bags at a time, Stefani’s been discouraged when she felt she wasn’t doing enough.

“There was a place that had an ocean of trash and I pushed out four bags, but then I broke down because I realized how much there was and it felt like four bags didn’t do anything,” she said.

But she remembers to just do what she can, especially since she surpassed her goal.

MORE: Americans Choose the Best Road Trip Tunes Of All Time — For Your Summer Playlist

“My monumental day was bag 100 in Ohio on day 16,” she said.

“I dedicated that to my parents because they raised me to be this independent person and have been very supportive on the trip.”

People donate $10 a bag for Stefani to clean up in their name, which she uses for lodging and gas. The person’s name is written on how many bags they’ve donated towards and Stefani posts a picture on her Instagram when they are filled, thanking them for helping clean up the city she’s in.

People online and in person have responded positively to the project.

“I’ve had people send me pictures of bags of trash they picked up,” Stefani said.

“I was walking on the beach in Florida, and I started doing a bag, these two ladies saw me and nonchalantly started helping me fill the bag.”

CHECK OUT: Devoted Son Took His Mom With Alzheimer’s on Incredible Round-the-World Adventure–And She Improved

With her job resuming June 1, Stefani is now back home but she has so many good things to say about her unique U.S. road trip.

“There’s litter everywhere, so I’m just happy to be able to make a little bit of an impact everywhere I go,” she said.

“I’ve been to 23 national parks in the U.S., so me cleaning up this litter is a huge thank you for all the joy and good times national parks and nature in general has brought to my life.”

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Ancient Chicken Laid An Egg That Lasted 1,000 Years Without Being Broken

Yoli Shwartz/Israel Antiques Authority

And now from the files of our ‘Too Much Information Life Hacks Department’… While you might have heard pickling eggs is a great way to extend their shelf life, did you know preserving them in poo can keep them in near-mint condition for 1,000 years?

Well, in near-mint archaeological condition, at any rate.

Yoli Shwartz/Israel Antiques Authority

While in no way fit for human consumption, a centuries-old chicken egg in a near-pristine state—or as pristine as an object that’s been cocooned in ca-ca for 10 centuries can be—was recently discovered during an Israel Antiquities Authority-led excavation of a Byzantine-era cesspit in the city of Yavne.

For those unfamiliar, back in the day, a cesspit served as your basic open-air septic tank/dumpster. In addition to human excrement, cesspits served as the repository for all manner of waste products.

MORE: Astounding Fossil Discovery in California After Man Looks Closely at Petrified Tree And Finds Bones of Great Beasts

Along with the superannuated egg, a trio of Islamic Period bone dolls was also recovered from the site. (Giving new meaning to the phrase, “Holy crap!” we suppose.)

Archaeologists report it’s not all that unusual to find ostrich eggs of this vintage still intact, however, with much thinner shells, unearthing—or in the case, un-dunging—a whole hen’s egg from this period is an extremely rare occurrence.

“Even today, eggs rarely survive for long in supermarket cartons,” IAA archeologist Alla Nagorsky told The Times of Israel. “It’s amazing to think this is a 1,000-year-old find!”

RELATED: Newly Discovered Species of Saber-Toothed Cat Was So Big It Hunted Rhinos in America

Since it’s a good bet that, like their modern-day counterparts, Byzantine chickens likely crossed the road to get to the other side rather than to lay their eggs in oversized community chamber pots, scientists were initially a bit baffled as to how an unscathed specimen (versus the more customary shell fragments) came to be ensconced in the stool pile in the first place.

But no matter how the little clucker got stuck in the muck, save for a hairline fracture, the eggshell was structurally sound. “[It] had a small crack in the bottom so most of the contents had leaked out of it,” Nagorsky said. “Only some of the yolk remained, which was preserved for future DNA analysis.”

Well, better that than an omelet.

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Pet Owners Say Taking Care of Their Furry Friend Encourages Taking Better Care of Themselves

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Nearly seven in 10 Americans admit they take better care of their pet than themselves, according to a new poll.

The survey of 2,000 American pet parents revealed 67% prioritize their pet over themselves—but results revealed it’s a reciprocal relationship.

Eight in 10 respondents said taking care of their pet actively encourages them to take better care of themselves.

In what ways do Americans’ pets help respondents with their own health? Respondents said the biggest benefit their pet provides is reducing their stress, depression and/or anxiety (72%).

In addition to that, respondents said their pet helps them to exercise (62%)—by taking their pets for walks, playing in their house, an so on—and their pet helps them to be more cautious of the food they eat (44%), too.

Conducted by OnePoll on behalf of Stella and Chewy’s, a natural pet food brand, the survey looked at all the things our pets do for us, and the relationship between people and their four-legged friends.

Results found 61% would be willing to pass up on date nights or vacations if their pets aren’t by their side, and it’s due to the unbreakable bond between humans and their pets.

Two-thirds (65%) admitted being closer to their pet than their immediate family members. And a dog really is a man’s best friend—at least according to 76% of respondents.

MORE: Puppies Are Born Ready to Communicate With And Understand Humans

Because of this, pet parents aren’t shy about showing their appreciation for their pets.

In fact, results revealed 94% make a concerted effort to show their furry friend appreciation on a regular basis, and 26% do so by celebrating them on pet-themed holidays such as Pet Appreciation Week (the week of June 6) or National Dog Day (on August 26).

Some of the common ways are playing with them every day (62%), feeding them food they are excited to eat (57%), and letting their pet sleep in bed with them (48%).

Additionally, when it comes to showing our pets how much we appreciate them, many respondents use food as a means to do so.

RELATED: Chernobyl Guards Have Befriended Abandoned Dogs, Feeding Them and Bringing Medical Care

Fifty-six percent show their pets they love them by feeding them healthy, nutritious food, while more than half of respondents (54%) admit they always keep their pet’s favorite treats on hand and nearly three-quarters (73%) of pet owners make an effort to buy natural food for their pet whenever possible.

Most Americans (84%) also look to their pet for support, love, and companionship and are thankful for their pet for helping them through some of the most difficult times of their life (83%).

“The results of this survey further emphasize what we already know to be true: our pets are our family,” said Stella & Chewy’s CEO Marc Hill. “The bond we share with them is strong, and our pets provide us with so much joy and emotional support on a daily basis. It is imperative that we reciprocate that love by showing them how much they mean to us, too.”

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Ford’s New Affordable Small Hybrid Truck: Maverick Gets 40 mpg and Starts at $19,995

Ford
Ford

The ink is hardly dry, so to speak, on the last announcement of a Ford electric F-150 and already they automaker has rolled out another option to satisfy another chunk of the enormous market share of American truck buyers.

The Blue Oval’s latest green offering is the new Ford Maverick, a hybrid that starts at just $19,995, about half the price of the F-150 Lighting.

The hybrid outfit consists of a 162 hp, 2.5 liter, four-cylinder engine with a 126 hp, permanent magnet electric motor that together can provide 255 lbs. feet of torque and almost 200 hp to the front wheels. This standard setup allows for 2,000 lbs. of maximum tow, 1,500 of maximum carry, but 40 mpg city.

MORE: Daimler Trucks is Now Accepting Orders for All-Electric Freight Trucks, Having Tested Them on America’s Highways

Ford’s EcoBoost option can be fitted for another thousand dollars to take these statistics up to 250 hp with 4,000 lbs. towing capacity.

New construction methods allowed Ford to build a chassis that’s three feet shorter than the F-150, significantly reducing the blind spots, while a tailgate that sits 30 inches off the ground should allow shorter people to load the 33 cubic feet bed with little difficulty.

The bed is designed to accommodate oft-used construction essentials like 4x8s. Inside are 12 volt power outlets, which can be upgraded to 110 volts, and slots into which owners can insert wooden beams to act as dividers to keep loose cargo more secured.

RELATED:  Long-lasting Solid-state Lithium Battery From Harvard May Solve a 40-year Problem

Inside the cabin a variety of triangular cubbies hold different accessory configurations, like additional cup holders or phone recharge stations, for which Ford owns 3D printing plans. They’re offering to share these plans to any customers who want them for 3D-printing their own triangular modules.

“Maverick challenges the status quo and the stereotypes of what a pickup truck can be,” Todd Eckert, Ford truck group marketing manager, said according to CNN. “We believe it will be compelling to a lot of people who never before considered a truck.”

Preorders are available now, with deliveries slated to begin in the fall.

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“Lack of direction, not lack of time, is the problem. We all have twenty-four hour days.” – Zig Ziglar

Quote of the Day: “Lack of direction, not lack of time, is the problem. We all have twenty-four hour days.” – Zig Ziglar

Photo: by Michael Coury

With a new inspirational quote every day, atop the perfect photo—collected and archived on our Quote of the Day page—why not bookmark GNN.org for a daily uplift?