Researchers were excited to find that a simple lifestyle intervention can be just as effective as structured exercise and some medications.
An estimated 80% of older Americans have high blood pressure. The good news is that maintaining healthy blood pressure can protect against serious conditions like heart failure, heart attacks, and strokes—and a new study shows how.
Adding a relatively minimal amount of movement, about 3,000 steps per day, can significantly reduce high blood pressure in older adults.
Linda Pescatello, distinguished University of Connecticut professor of kinesiology worked with Elizabeth Lefferts, the lead author of the paper, and Duck-chun Lee in Lee’s lab at Iowa State University.
“We’ll all get high blood pressure if we live long enough, at least in this country,” Pescatello says. “That’s how prevalent it is.”
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Pescatello is an expert on exercise and hypertension, the clinical term for high blood pressure. Her previous research demonstrated that exercise can have a significant immediate and long-lasting impact on lowering blood pressure.
The study published in a recent issue of the Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease sought to determine if older adults with hypertension could receive these benefits by moderately increasing their daily walking, which is one of the easiest and most popular forms of physical activity for this population.
“It’s easy to do, they don’t need any equipment, they can do it anywhere at almost any time,” Lee said.
The study focused on a group of sedentary older adults between ages 68 and 78 who walked an average of about 4,000 steps per day before the study.
After consulting existing studies, Lee determined that 3,000 steps would be a reasonable goal. This would also put most participants at 7,000 daily steps, in line with the American College of Sports Medicine’s recommendation.
The team conducted the study during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, which meant they had to do everything remotely. Participants were sent a kit with pedometers, blood pressure monitors, and step diaries for participants to log how much they were walking each day.
On average, participants’ systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased by an average of seven and four points, respectively, after the intervention.
Other studies suggest decreases of these magnitudes correspond to a relative risk reduction of all-cause mortality by 11%, and 16% for cardiovascular mortality, an 18% reduction in the risk of heart disease, and a 36% risk reduction of stroke.
“It’s exciting that a simple lifestyle intervention can be just as effective as structured exercise and some medications,” Lefferts said.
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The findings suggest that the 7,000-step regimen the participants in the study achieved is on-par with reductions seen with anti-hypertensive medications. Eight of the 21 participants were already on anti-hypertensive medications. Those participants still saw improvements in systolic blood pressure from increasing their daily activity.
“In a previous study, we found that when exercise is combined with medication, exercise bolsters the effects of blood pressure medication alone,” Pescatello says. “It just speaks to the value of exercise as anti-hypertensive therapy. It’s not to negate the effects of medication at all, but it’s part of the treatment arsenal.”
The researchers, who hope to use the data to launch a larger clinical trial, found that walking speed and walking in continuous bouts did not matter as much as simply increasing total steps.
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“We saw that the volume of physical activity is what’s really important here, not the intensity,” Pescatello says. “Using the volume as a target, whatever fits in and whatever works conveys health benefits.”
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