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Millionaire Turned Quadriplegic Jon Ayers is Giving it All to Save Wild Cats, After Finding a New Purpose

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As a quadriplegic, Jon Ayers can’t move his limbs, but his voice is filled with excitement. His eyes dart around his office, projecting the illusion of a rainforest that’s filling his imagination with such enthusiasm that soon trees and vines begin to appear in the corners of my office as well.

Margay, Gab 2212, CC license/Jonathan Ayers at home in Florida, Hejung Kim

Jon is describing to me a margay, a tree-dwelling species of wild cat from Central and South America, and the only species that can climb down a tree head first—a trait which endears the 4 kilogram cat to him above all others.

The margay is just one of more than 30 different small wild cat species, many of which are little known—going unseen under a big shadow cast by the big cats like lions and tigers.

But Jon is not willing to sit by and watch these charismatic animals go extinct, so is investing a $20 million personal fortune in an effort to reverse declining trends in small wild cat populations around the world.

Ayers is a panthera person, a felid person, as well as the former-CEO of one of the world’s most successful veterinary diagnostics companies: IDEXX Laboratories. For 17 years he captained the company which appreciably advanced the standard of care for veterinary medicine.

Under his leadership, from 2002 to 2017, IDEXX’s annual revenues went from $380 million to $2.4 billion, while its share price enjoyed a more than 40-fold increase. Jim Cramer from NBC’s Mad Money called IDEXX “one of the hottest stocks on the market,” in an in-studio interview with Jon on May 2019.

Shortly after that appearance, a cycling accident tragically terminated the use of his limbs, with only his helmet keeping him from passing away. Stepping down from the leadership of IDEXX to focus on his health and recovery, he is now speaking to the public again for the first time since the accident, and is eager to share the details of his new adventure—a leadership and funding position at one of the most effective conservation organizations in the world: Panthera.

“What’s the plan?”

Ocelot/Tom Smylie, CC license

“When you go through a catastrophic accident, you’re dealing with a number of challenges,” Jon Ayers explains to GNN. Jon, who had taken up a proximal role in wild cat conservation with several foundations—one of which he started with his wife Helaine in 2018—sees it as a kind of mental therapy.

Their organization, The Ayers Wild Cat Conservation Trust, works alongside Panthera, a conservation group with a focus on getting the job done, rather than creating the most-detailed body of scientific research. Panthera’s work with jaguars, preserving their migration corridors from Argentina to New Mexico, or the Furs for Life and Arabian Leopard Initiatives for the other big spotted cat, have produced conservation successes that are as good as anything being done today.

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“It’s not easy going through something like this and most people don’t do very well,” says Jon. “Not that I’m perfect, but being able to work on something like this is the greatest gift to me… because it helps me through a transition in my life, and because it gives me purpose.”

“I mean I lost so much. There are a lot of things I can’t do anymore, really basic things like brushing my teeth and clipping my fingernails…”

“The thing about spinal cord injuries is that no two are the same. My recovery has been much more slow, although I’ve worked hard at my recovery, and I’ve made a lot of progress, but then you ask yourself, ‘well what’s my purpose?’ And I realized my purpose is to support wild cat conservation.”

His trust contributed a few thousand here or there to Panthera, as they were one of the only conservation missions that really had an awareness of what was needed to begin creating a brighter future for some 33 species of small wild cat that altogether receive around 1% of total cat conservation efforts. Along with his massive cash contribution, Jon also took up a board position.

“It was something I was starting to do, it was something that I have, very fortunately, the financial resources for, but I also have the mental ability and I just think God spoke to me and said: ‘this is the plan.'”

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In Jon, Panthera’s founder and wild cat-brainiac Dr. Thomas Kaplan feels he’s found “someone who wakes up in the morning and says ‘what can I do to turn the screw of history just a little bit?’”

“Jon’s out of central casting,” Kaplan told GNN. “I’ve really been waiting for someone with Jon’s talents and his passion and his dedication to come into the story.”

There but for the shadows unseen

Leopardus tigrinus/Groumfy69, CC license

As I sat down with Jon and Dr. Kaplan on Zoom, the latter had already made his background a photograph of cheetahs lounging on the African Savanah, blending his fiery-orange hair with the grass in the picture, and lending a Bob Ross-like glow to his character.

“The advent of Jon coming into the picture… is really a game changer for small cat conservation,” said Kaplan. “I think it’s probably fair to say that nobody is doing and nobody will have done more to save the 33 species of small cats than Jon and his family.”

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“We’re prioritizing the cat species and we’re doing that according to a certain matrix, in order to enable ourselves to know where to begin first. We’re obviously going to give priority to those where the ecology is least well-known,” he explains. “[What is] the rarity? Do they overlap with other small cats or big cats within their landscapes so that we can leverage and harness existing programing and scientific know-how. How vulnerable are they to extinction, how pervasive are the threats?”

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He details that the overall mission is “a very ambitious one.” They hope that by 2025, they’ll have more or less filled-in the ecology and devised protection plans for 50% of all the small cat species. By 2030, Panthera wants to be at 100%, but the initial injection of Jon’s capital will be put to work right away prioritizing 11 cat species across Asia, the Americas, and Africa. Especially Asia, where islands like Borneo and Sumatra can contain four or five small cat species, like the Sunda clouded leopard, Borneo bay cat, the flat-headed cat, which goes fishing, and the marbled cat.

“Our aim is that when we commence a program, we want to be able to have observable, measurable impact within five years in being able to save that landscape for those cats,” says Kaplan. “The U.S. government basically said, ‘if Panthera can’t save the big cats then nobody can.’ It’s what we’re known for.”

In the course of our discussions, Kaplan eagerly seasons the ambitious rhetoric with the names of cats it’s likely you’ve literally never heard of before, and for some of which, the only entry in the scientific record is a confirmation that, yes, they indeed, exist.

“Across the Americas we’re working on a variety of species ranging from the first wild cat I ever saw: the bobcat, but also extending further south to ocelots, margays, jaguarondis, oncilla, Geoffroy’s cat.”

“At the end of the day, we’re not academic in the sense that we’re doing this in order to prove a point; for us it’s all about applied science. What Jon is enabling us to do is really to fight the battle across the entire arc of the small cat trajectory and be able to do everything simultaneously.”

A match made in heaven

“I think what’s unique [and what] really attracted me to Panthera, they had a focus dedicated to species conservation. So it was cats and nothing else, and I’m a cat person. I’ve always loved cats,” says Jon.

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“Panthera had a focus, [and] wanted to grow. Now I don’t know that much about conservation but I’m willing to learn and I’ve learned a lot. But I know how to grow things, and so it seemed like those skills could be applied to a different type of organization.”

Jon is confident he can contribute more than just money to the efforts of saving small cat species around the globe. He has nearly 20 years of business acumen, during which almost every action he took sent the value of the services, the veterinary field, and the stake of the shareholders, up.

“We’re actually supporting people who are doing work with other small cats through the Small Cat Action Program.

“Our goal here is to grow Panthera’s impact on the ecosystems around the world that support cats, and so that takes certain leadership, it takes seeing around corners, it takes some disciplines that maybe aren’t traditionally a strong part of conservation organizations, things like financial management.”

Large cats are often protected—tigers for example—by utilizing apex predator or umbrella species conservation strategies.

“Even small cats can be on top of the food chain. You can’t just conserve the cat without conserving the ‘catscape’ which means of course, the entire ecosystem has to be supported. So through cats we’re having a much broader impact on the conservation of nature,” says Jon.

What’s your favorite small wild cat?

“It’s kind of like asking me what’s my favorite child!” Jon answered me, eliciting laughter from all the three of us. He would answer that it was the tree-loving margay.

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“They’re like monkeys. They can climb up trees, they can climb vines upside-down, and they can climb down trees headfirst. How can they climb down trees head first? Because they’ve evolved over time to rotate their paws to go in the opposite direction.”

“As an entrepreneur I have a special affinity for the black-footed cat,” explains Kaplan. “It’s Africa’s smallest wild cat, but if you think of it as a fighter pilot, it has a 60% success rate when it goes out hunting.”

Amongst all the stuff one hears about biodiversity these days, small cats just don’t get much attention. But if philanthropists in the future start donating to small cat conservation, it will be a direct consequence of the union that’s just been made at Panthera—a match made in heaven it seems—as Jon, who nearly lost all of his nine lives, reflects on his horrific injury and reminds me “God always has a plan.”

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“The best is yet to come—and won’t that be fine.” – Frank Sinatra

Quote of the Day: “The best is yet to come—and won’t that be fine.” – Frank Sinatra

Photo by: Marina Lakotka

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Hemp is Already Being Used in Walls and Insulation as a Game-Changer in Construction Industry

After the hempcrete is cast and before the plaster is added/Tommygibbons46, CC license

This article was written by Nate Berg for Ensia and has been re-printed with permission

After the hempcrete is cast and before the plaster is added/Tommygibbons46, CC license

It has become almost a cliché to discuss the benefits of hemp, the supposed wonder plant with almost endless uses—from woven fibers to edible seeds to bioplastics.

“Of course, hemp is that magic crop that does everything,” says Nicholas Carter, an environmental researcher who, along with Tushar Mehta, a Toronto-based doctor, runs the website Plant Based Data.

His work involves reading through scientific papers and studies and summarizing the most important work supporting plants as a source of food and other important uses. Given the hype, Carter wondered just how much power hemp really had. “I wanted to see the research out there on it, to see what’s actually real, what’s actually backed by evidence,” he says.

Magic? Not exactly. But Carter came away from his attempted debunking a hemp believer. And one of the most promising of its many uses, he found, is its application as a building material known as hempcrete.

Like its namesake concrete, hempcrete is a material mixed with a binder that hardens it into a solid in the form of blocks and panels. Made from the dried woody core of hemp stalks and a lime-based binder, hempcrete can be cast just like concrete.

But unlike concrete and its binding cement, which accounts for about 8% of human-generated carbon dioxide emissions annually, hempcrete actually sequesters CO2. According to a recent study, hempcrete can sequester 307 kilograms of CO2 per cubic meter (19 pounds per cubic foot), roughly the equivalent of the annual carbon emissions of three refrigerators.

“While we’re growing it and building hempcrete, it’s sucking CO2 the whole time and encapsulating the CO2 in the structure,” says Eric McKee, founder of the U.S. Hemp Building Association.

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S.R. Karade, senior principal scientist of the Central Building Research Institute in Roorkee, India, outside New Delhi, has been studying hempcrete and wrote in a recent paper for the Journal of Cleaner Production about how hempcrete performs as a building material in terms of insulation, durability, structural strength and acoustic control, among other criteria. Overall, Karade found, hempcrete meets the current standards of most building applications and in many cases outperforms materials currently used, particularly for insulation.

Hempcrete, Jnzl’s photos/CC license

Hempcrete is not a direct replacement of concrete, Karade cautions. In the lab he’s been able to make hempcrete with a compressive strength of 3 megapascals (MPa). “Typical concrete blocks, used for making walls, have compressive strength values varying between 5 MPa and 20 MPa,” he wrote in an email. “Due to its poor mechanical strength, it cannot be sufficiently relied upon to undertake any structural loads. However, considering its impressive functional properties, in terms of thermal resistance and [moisture-absorbing] behavior, hemp concrete may be at the top spot in the list of walling materials in the future.”

In other words, it can’t supply the load-bearing structure of a building, but it can insulate and cover its walls.

That’s part of what makes hempcrete such a potentially transformative building material, says Steve Allin, director of the International Hemp Building Association. Not only can hempcrete itself sequester carbon, but its use can help reduce the production of more CO2. “What’s really important about this material is we can create new structures or we can update or retrofit existing structures so that they don’t need air conditioning,” Allin says.

As Karade notes, hempcrete has a high thermal capacity compared with concrete, making it good for both the structure of a wall and its insulation.

Hempcrete can also cut down on another big problem: construction waste. Concrete represents more than half of the debris generated by building construction and demolition. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency estimates that more than 23 million tons (more than 20 million metric tons) of concrete debris was created during construction in 2015. And while hempcrete can’t be used for structural sections of a building, it can be used to replace non-structural elements of walls that traditionally could use concrete. Hempcrete can also be used in place of common construction materials like drywall and plaster, which account for about 8% of building construction debris.

Allin says builders are beginning to see value in hempcrete. Buildings have been built or renovated with hempcrete in France, the U.K., Belgium, Ireland, the Netherlands, Italy, and Australia. He says the British Science Museum Group’s artifacts storage facility used hempcrete, as have public housing towers and even renovations on stone buildings hundreds of years old.

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The challenge, he says, is availability. There are only about a dozen hemp processing plants that are able to process hemp into a form usable in the creation of hempcrete, and most are in Europe, according to Allin. “That’s really the logjam,” he says. “What we really need is investment in primary processing. And that investment needs to be on the longer term, rather than people expecting quick returns and thinking of it as some other standard quick buck.”

Karade notes that the other major challenge is the legality of growing hemp, which can be hard to distinguish from marijuana plants. “The commercial off-take of hemp concrete is still limited by the regulatory constraints of hemp cultivation,” Karade says.

But laws are beginning to change. In the U.S., the 2018 Farm Bill allows for the broad cultivation of “industrial hemp,” but with tight restrictions on grower licenses and the crop’s psychoactive content, tetrahydrocannabinol, or THC.

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Allin hopes this will lead to more farmers producing hemp crops and entrepreneurs seeing the opportunity to build the processing plants necessary to turn that hemp into building products. He says builders are willing to use hemp in their projects, but the products have to be available, which relies on the processing, which relies on the farmers. “Once those things are in place, it will all become profitable,” Allin says. “In a way we’re talking about starting an industry from the ground up.”

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Flood Waters Couldn’t Stop This Australian Miracle Wedding From Happening

Usually, when you think wedding crashers, you picture uninvited guests hoping to score some free cocktails and hors d’oeuvres. But as rowdy as such pests can be, they’re nothing in nuisance value compared to the “100-year floodwaters” that recently crashed a wedding in New South Wales.

All photos by Amanda Hibbard

Kate Fotheringham and Wayne Bell were set to wed on a Saturday in March this year, but Mother Nature decided to throw a huge spanner in the works. The night before the nuptials, she R.S.V.P.’d with an epic deluge that left much of the town of Wingham where Fotheringham’s family live at least partially underwater.

With the only bridge between Fotheringham’s home and the wedding venue impassable—and with the bride and groom trapped on separate sides of the divide—it looked as if the ceremony would have to be postponed.

Miraculously, however, despite the soggy circumstances, the determined pair succeeded in tying the knot on their appointed day.

“It took three months to plan the wedding, 12 hours for it go to hell and six hours for it come together again,” Fotheringham told The Guardian.

“I had accepted the fact it was going to be raining and I was wearing gumboots, but I didn’t know how I was going to deal with a one-in-a-hundred-year flood and a natural disaster.”

All photos by Amanda Hibbard

After some frantic social media posting, the couple was able to snag a helicopter from a local TV station to ferry the bride and her family members across the swollen waters.

In less than an hour, Fotheringham, her crew, and her wedding dress were safely on their way, but when they touched down on the other side, there were still hurdles to overcome.

Fortunately, most of the guests had camped out near the groom. Unfortunately, the caterer, makeup artists, and wedding singer were sidelined by the storm. Thanks to a reverse situation where a caterer and hairdresser due for weddings across the bridge were instead stuck in town, those bases were fortuitously covered.

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Other than the women in the bridal party having to do their own makeup, the ceremony went off as planned.

Only 15 minutes behind schedule, the couple was officially hitched. With nowhere to go, the reception turned into something of a celebratory marathon, continuing into the next day.

While the new Mrs. Bell admits the situation was so far-fetched as to be almost beyond belief, she credits her kin’s wherewithal for making what could have been a disaster into a triumph instead. “I can’t believe that we pulled it off,” she told The Guardian. “My family is incredible. We’re not ones to back down from something difficult, we can deal with a challenge—or 10.”

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Perhaps the courageous couple should have changed their vows to read, “And what God has joined together, let no flood set asunder”?

(WATCH the video about the amazing wedding below.)

North Carolina-based writer Judy Cole has a new murder mystery / rom-com debuting for Kindle at Amazon: And Jilly Came Tumbling After (from Red Sky Presents).

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An Avocado a Day May Keep Your Gut Microbes Happy, Study Shows

Everyone has different gut microbiomes, but eating avocado as part of a daily diet is a sure way to improve gut health—a new study from researchers at the University of Illinois shows.

Avocados are a healthy food that is high in dietary fiber and monounsaturated fat. However, it was not clear how avocados impact the microbes in the gastrointestinal system or “gut.”

The researchers found that people who ate avocado every day as part of a meal had a greater abundance of gut microbes that break down fiber and produce metabolites that support gut health. They also had greater microbial diversity compared to people who did not receive the avocado meals in the study.

“Microbial metabolites are compounds the microbes produce that influence health,” lead author Sharon Thompson says. “Avocado consumption reduced bile acids and increased short chain fatty acids. These changes correlate with beneficial health outcomes.”

The study included 163 adults between 25 and 45 years of age with overweight or obesity—defined as a BMI of at least 25 kg/m2—but otherwise healthy.

They received one meal per day to consume as a replacement for either breakfast, lunch, or dinner. One group consumed an avocado with each meal, while the control group consumed a similar meal but without the avocado. The participants provided blood, urine, and fecal samples throughout the 12-week study. They also reported how much of the provided meals they consumed, and every four weeks recorded everything they ate.

While other research on avocado consumption has focused on weight loss, participants in this study were not advised to restrict or change what they ate. Instead they consumed their normal diets with the exception of replacing one meal per day with the meal the researchers provided.

The purpose of this study—published in the Journal of Nutritionwas to explore the effects of avocado consumption on the gastrointestinal microbiota, says Hannah Holscher, assistant professor of nutrition in the Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition at U of I and senior author of the study.

“Our goal was to test the hypothesis that the fats and the fiber in avocados positively affect the gut microbiota. We also wanted to explore the relationships between gut microbes and health outcomes,” Holscher says.

Avocados are rich in fat; however, the researchers found that while the avocado group consumed slightly more calories than the control group, slightly more fat was excreted in their stool.

“Greater fat excretion means the research participants were absorbing less energy from the foods that they were eating. This was likely because of reductions in bile acids, which are molecules our digestion system secretes that allow us to absorb fat. We found that the amount of bile acids in stool was lower and the amount of fat in the stool was higher in the avocado group,” Holscher explains.

Different types of fats have differential effects on the microbiome. The fats in avocados are monounsaturated, which are heart-healthy fats.

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Soluble fiber content is also very important, Holscher notes. A medium avocado provides around 12 grams of fiber, which goes a long way toward meeting the recommended amount of 28 to 34 grams of fiber per day.

“Less than 5% of Americans eat enough fiber. Most people consume around 12 to 16 grams of fiber per day. Thus, incorporating avocados in your diet can help get you closer to meeting the fiber recommendation,” she notes.

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Eating fiber isn’t just good for us; it’s important for the microbiome, too, Holscher states. “We can’t break down dietary fibers, but certain gut microbes can. When we consume dietary fiber, it’s a win-win for gut microbes and for us.”

Holscher’s research lab specializes in dietary modulation of the microbiome and its connections to health. “Just like we think about heart-healthy meals, we need to also be thinking about gut healthy meals and how to feed the microbiota,” she explains.

Avocado is an energy-dense food, but it is also nutrient dense, and it contains important micronutrients that Americans don’t eat enough of, like potassium and fiber.

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“It’s just a really nicely packaged fruit that contains nutrients that are important for health. Our work shows we can add benefits to gut health to that list,” Holscher says.

Source: University of Illinois

Elon Musk’s Brother Starts ‘Million Garden Movement’ to Plant a Garden For Every Household Living in a Food Desert

What do ten dollars, a garden, Harrison Ford, and Elon Musk’s brother have in common? They’re all being used to combat food insecurity, malnutrition, and to build the world’s single biggest gardener community.

Launched on the equinox, the Million Gardens Movement (MGM) is a charitable and educational initiative that hopes to put a garden in every household—whether that’s on a fire escape, in a window box, or as part of a community garden initiative—and fresh fruit and veg on every plate.

The brain child of Frank Giustra and Kimbal Musk, the former the owner and publisher of Modern Farmer magazine, the latter the Executive Director of the non-profit Big Green, MGM puts Little Green Garden units in homes and classrooms for just a $10 donation.

The Little Green Gardens are at their core ready-to-use fruit and veg garden beds—and over 5,000 of them have already been distributed.

Kimbal Musk explains that each garden bed comes “with a customized growing plan and online lessons and activities to support the growing of culturally relevant at-home veggie gardens.”

The MGM platform as a whole is simple. If you’re a gardener, sign up to join the community. Donate $10 to give a garden to a family that can’t afford it, or that lives in a food desert, read and contribute to the blog, and then tell other gardeners about it.

“We’ve been so humbled by the overwhelmingly positive response and the passion surrounding our mission,” says Frank Giustra. “When Warwick Saint was photographing gardening activists for our launch, activists like Salma Hayek and Jonathan Scott were asking us “What more can I do for the Movement? What else can I do to help get more people involved? That’s a real sign of how dedicated people are to making a difference.”

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“Ten years ago I co-founded Big Green to focus on under-resourced communities to increase access to fresh food and improve food literacy,” says Musk. “Today it’s a national non-profit working with schools in several major cities with almost 640 outdoor Learning Garden classrooms.”

“Frank Giustra reached out with the idea of… Big Green and Modern Farmer [starting] the Million Gardens Movement to make it simple for anyone to give a family a garden. Planting a seed is an act of hope for a brighter tomorrow. We hope millions will join us to grow their own garden and give a garden to a family.”

Seed of hope

The seed of hope planted by Giustra and Kimbal certainly sprouted. With thousands of gardeners already joining up with the movement, celebrities are tagging along like Harrison Ford, Zooey Deschanel, Nicole Scherzinger, and Maye Musk, mother of Kimbal—and a certain billionaire named Elon, who happens to be Kimbal’s brother.

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The hashtag #milliongardensmovement has over 300 posts on Instagram. 7,300 gardens in total have been started, including some done out-of-pocket, while 632 have gone into schools to teach kids about gardening and grow a new generation of gardening-savvy adults.

“The most successful aspect of the Million Gardens Movement has been the continual growth of an online gardening community,” says Giustra in an interview. “Our Movement, just like gardening, is about developing our best aspects slowly and steadily as we grow in numbers towards one million gardeners. Seeing people donate is wonderful because they are helping others garden, and those who donate might also take up gardening.”

“We’ve been able to deliver garden kits to Denver, Detroit, Memphis, and Indianapolis so far,” he adds. “We’re working to deliver 5,000 kits in Denver alone in April for Earth Month, and we’re working on delivery plans for cities after that drop.”

Turning the tide

The reality is that food insecurity was a problem in America long before the pandemic began. One study from 2017 found that 5.6% of Americans don’t have adequate access to fresh food. And just in Atlanta, Georgia, as GNN reported, 125,000 people live outside of a convenient distance from the supermarket.

The benefits of a home garden can significantly reduce these impacts—even something the size of the Little Green Gardens given out by MGM can help.

For example, according to the Journal of Extension, the average home vegetable garden produces $677 worth of fruits and vegetables every year.

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“Our hope is to quickly expand to Canada this year with sights on Vancouver and Toronto,” says Musk. “We hope to expand to Mexico and beyond to make this a worldwide movement to encourage millions of people to grow their own food.

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50 Years Ago NASA Sent a Map Into Space to Help Aliens Find Earth—Now They’ve Got An Awesome Update

The Voyager Golden Record/NASA

Half a century ago, NASA scientists shot a map into space that contains the position of Earth for aliens to find—but it won’t always be accurate.

However, the daughter of the man who made that map is ensuring the next one will remain accurate not just for a few million years, but for a billion years.

How it began

In December 1971, NASA was excitedly preparing to launch the Pioneer 10 capsule that would not only study Jupiter for the first time, but set a path to drift out of our solar system.

As Pioneer 10 would likely be the first earth-made object to ever be discovered by aliens, the American astrophysicist Carl Sagan thought we should leave a message on board. His colleague Frank Drake thought we should send a map onboard as well.

So Sagan and Drake came up with a famous image—a line drawing etched into a gold-anodized aluminum plate that depicted the male and female frame, with the male waving in what would hopefully be construed as a gesture of good will. It also depicted a simple diagram of our solar system, and galactic coordinates for Earth.

Detailed view of the visual message on a Pioneer plaque/NASA Ames

A special moment

The launch was one of those moments in history that for many turned the volume down on everyday things like the stock market, election season, the school year, or problems at work—the kind of moment that caused people from all walks of life to gather around and say “wow, that was special.”

However the galactic coordinates method, albeit brilliant at the time, which Drake used to formulate the position of Earth, has a limited number of years to work. The method uses pulsars: the leftover body from a supernova explosion. Pulsars are very bright and spin at incredibly fast speeds. They’ve also been theorized to be the most effective points by which to navigate space, as the timing of their rotations, and the radio frequency their spinning creates, are constant and reliable for periods of millions of years.

Only a handful of these pulsars were known in Drake and Sagan’s time, and so their options were limited. But as Nadia Drake, Frank’s daughter, explains in her story for National Geographic, pulsars do slow down over time, removing their eventual usefulness as waypoints.

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Each line etched onto the gold-aluminum plate detailed the pulsars’ placement with respect to Earth, while the lines themselves were drawn in a binary code which would allow any space-fairing intelligent race to calculate the rotational speed of each one.

The Voyager Golden Record/NASA

This would also allow aliens to figure out how long ago the message was sent, because they could measure the rotational decay of the pulsar in years based on the speed during 1971 and at the time the message was found.

However this was also the map’s downfall, because the slowing down would effectively inhibit aliens from figuring out which pulsars Drake and Sagan were using.

A family business

One of the world’s “most prolific pulsar astronomers” is also Nadia Drake’s husband, and he was able to use the same method, but with more consistent “binary pulsars,” to draw a new map that could be reliably decoded for billions of years.

The pulsar map on Scott’s shirt, with Dr. Nadia Drake – Twitter

The binary pulsars, also known as millisecond pulsars, sit in dead orbits that won’t change even after billions of years. They spin much faster and last much longer. Scott Ransom, Nadia’s husband, also used pulsars that orbit Milky Way in what are called globular clusters.

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Orbiting beyond the reaches of our galaxy, globular clusters are like millisecond pulsar factories, and shine beautifully through space telescopes. They’re fascinating places, and act as much better signposts for would-be aliens searching for our planet—even as the positions of the stars within the Milky Way alter and shift.

RELATED: She Came to the US to Study With Only $300 in Her Pocket — Now She’s a NASA Director For the Mars Rover

Finally, our concept of time and distance would be foreign to any aliens, so like Frank Drake, Ransom included the detailed chemical structure of hydrogen—the most plentiful element in the universe.

When hydrogen electrons change the direction of their spin, they release a radio wave. By comparing the speed of the radio wave to the speed of light, the map offers a new way to calculate both time and space that any race clever enough to pick out a silent spacecraft like Pioneer 10 would be able to decode.

CHECK OUT: A New ‘Super Earth’ Has Been Discovered Near One of Our Galaxy’s Oldest Stars

The result is a map that is readable by any space-fairing race.

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“Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease.” – World Health Organization’s Constitution

Quote of the Day: “Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.” – World Health Organization’s 1946 Constitution

Photo by: Sofia

With a new inspirational quote every day, atop the perfect photo—collected and archived on our Quote of the Day page—why not bookmark GNN.org for a daily uplift?

Southwest Air Employee Goes to ‘Infinity and Beyond’ to Reunite Buzz Lightyear With Excited Toddler

SWNS

When duty calls, Buzz Lightyear is honor-bound to answer. At least that’s what one mom told her distraught toddler when he accidentally left his Buzz action figure behind on an airplane in the flurry of an unexpected, last-minute trip.

While the senior members of the Davis family didn’t expect to see Buzz again, the plucky astronaut made the return trip home in style—thanks to outstanding efforts by the Southwest airlines ground crew at Clinton National Airport Little Rock, Arkansas.

SWNS

Taking a cue from the Toy Story film, the Davises had inscribed their 2-year-old son Hagen’s name on the sole of Buzz’s space boot.

After finding the misplaced space adventurer during a routine post-flight check, operations agent Beth Buchanan was able to match the name with an Elk Grove, California boy on the passenger list.

While Buchanan was sleuthing, co-worker Jason William Hamm saw Buzz sitting on her desk. With the owner’s identity confirmed, the steadfast ramp agent made it his mission to get Buzz back where he belonged.

Hamm reached out to the Davises via email to let them know Commander Lightyear would soon be California bound, but not content to send Buzz home in a boring box, he decided to take things to the next level.

Jason William Hamm/Facebook

Rather than let the astronaut take off incognito, Hamm launched his charge aboard a specially designed shuttlecraft that would ensure Buzz received a true hero’s welcome when he landed.

CHECK OUT: Boy Recreates Iconic Scene From Toy Story to Mark His First Day of School

Along with a brightly decorated box highlighted with a string of memorable Toy Story quotes, Hamm tucked a series of adventure photos he’d taken of Buzz at different airport locales inside, along with a handwritten note that read:

“To Commander Hagen. I am very excited to return to you upon completing my mission. I was able to explore the airport and spaceport in Little Rock, Arkansas while I was away, and I have included photos of my adventure. My journey has taught me a lot but I am so thankful to return to my buddy.”

SWNS

As the parent of an autistic child, Hamm truly understood how much the loss of a treasured toy could mean.“I wanted it to be a beautiful experience when he opened it up,” he told The Washington Post. “I just thought he would love it. I had no idea who he was, but I knew somebody was missing Buzz and was probably really sad.”

MORE: German Shepherd Stars in Family Game Nights, Playing Anything They Put in Front of Her – WATCH

When Buzz arrived, Hagen’s mom Ashley was so touched by Hamm’s care and creativity she was overcome with emotion.

SWNS

“I cried when I opened it. You could see all the love he put into it,” Davis told The Washington Post, but in addition to her tears, she couldn’t help but be tickled as well. “I wonder how many people chuckled when they saw the box with Buzz on it, as it made its way ‘to infinity and beyond,’ from Arkansas all the way to California.”

RELATED: Little Boy’s Stuffed Bambi Was Rescued From Frozen Canal – They Didn’t Think People Would Care

To let Hamm know Buzz had touched down safely, the Davises sent him a video with footage of the beaming face on their son during their “out of the box” reunion. While he’d made it his mission to go above and beyond, according to Hamm, the smile on the face of that happy toddler was all the thanks he needed.

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North Carolina-based writer Judy Cole has a new rom-com murder mystery debuting for Kindle at Amazon: And Jilly Came Tumbling After (from Red Sky Presents).

Step Inside the Magical World of An Ancient Tradition: Growing Rhubarb by Candlelight

SWNS

A centuries-old tradition of harvesting rhubarb by candlelight has been captured in this series of otherworldly photographs.

SWNS

Farmer Jonathan Westwood’s great-great-uncle started the tradition of harvesting winter-forced rhubarb in the north of England in 1870.

Now 59-year-old Jonathan is the latest in his family to grow rhubarb in a nine-mile-squared area dubbed Yorkshire’s ‘Rhubarb Triangle’.

He took over the reigns of the business from his father 15 years ago and painstakingly picks the vegetables by hand, in candlelight, after a unique growing process.

The rhubarb is left in fields for two years without being harvested—with all sugars kept within the root.

MORE: Man Hasn’t Been to the Grocery Store in 8 Months Thanks to Tiny Pandemic Garden Inspired By Grandfather

The farmer then moves the crop into pitch-black sheds. In such conditions, all of the energy of the plant is aimed into the stalk—creating a much sweeter taste than usual.

SWNS

To ensure they’re unable to photosynthesize, the rhubarb gets picked using the very lowest lighting conditions—by candlelight, with the doors closed.

SWNS

Few farms continue to grow rhubarb is this time-honored way, but the method is much-esteemed by foodies, with over 300 tonnes of the rhubarb being sent to high-end grocery stores each season—and even to Buckingham Palace, and potentially, the Queen’s plate.

RELATED: Gardener Grows Britain’s Biggest Tomato… Using Pantyhose

It’s believed that West Yorkshire once produced 90% of the world’s winter-forced rhubarb from the forcing sheds within the Rhubarb Triangle.

SWNS

What’s produced at those farms today is protected under the European Commission’s Protected Designation of Origin (PDO), just as other regional delicacies—such as French Champagne and Italian Parma ham—is.

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After Illegally Bulldozing Historic London Pub, Developers Were Ordered to Rebuild it ‘Brick by Brick’

Carlton Tavern/Oxyman, CC license

Six years of legal trench warfare has given every reason for West London residents to raise a pint in victory.

Carlton Tavern/Oxyman, CC license

A favorite neighborhood pub, which seemed set by to be turned into a block of apartments by developers, has been saved by a council ruling that designated the old watering hole as a historic building.

Built in Maida Vale in the 1920s, the Carlton Tavern, with its distinctive tiled sign, had one of its walls sheared clean off by bulldozers. Reporting on the story, James Tapper at the Guardian explains this is a classic trick played by real estate developers—to intentionally damage buildings in order to have them condemned.

This time however, the culprits have been ordered to rebuild the Carlton’s wall “brick by brick” to its original state, something which has left the campaigners who fought for the rights of their tavern “flabbergasted.”

The pub last served up a drink in April 2015. After developers CTLX received a big fat ‘no’ to turn the building into apartments, they ordered the demolition of the building just two days before Historic England was to recommend the Carlton be given Grade-II listed status for its historic nature.

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Chief campaigner Polly Robertson was the piston behind a community movement that included persuading 5,300 local people to go and petition the Westminster council, who would eventually set “an extraordinary precedent” by ordering the wall’s reconstruction with the same bricks—and even the same small tiles used in the pub sign.

RELATED: After Musician Launches National Plea, He is Finally Reunited With His Beloved 310-Year-old Violin

“We had a suspicion before the demolition that they would do something, so we asked Historic England to think about listing it,” Robertson told the Guardian. “They took a plaster cast of every tile, they took pictures and documented everything.”

Brick by brick

“We want it to be a great little boozer where you can come and have some pints of cask any day of the week, but we’ll also have a nice dining area out the back,” said Tom Rees, one of the Carlton’s new owners. “We hope we can be everything to everyone.”

Much of the fittings and original structure was reclaimed from the rubble, and nearly all of it that’s useable has been employed in fixing the wall, which Rees and his business partner see as lending a little more uniqueness to the place. This includes parts of the bar, the banister, and the fireplace.

“And to be fair to [CTLX], they have done amazing work,” Robertson added. “It looks fantastic.”

CHECK OUT: Taxing Empty Apartments Could Be the Solution to Affordable Housing in Expensive Cities, New Study Says

The much-loved tavern—and the only building in the area to survive the Blitz bombings of World War II—is set to open again to the public on April 12, when the current COVID-19 lockdown measures in England are set to ease.

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In World First, Key African Species Will be Relocated to Another Continent After it Became Extinct in India

Charl Durand

A team of experts from South Africa and Namibia are helping to relocate a population of cheetahs to India in an ambitious restoration program that just got the go-ahead.

Charl Durand

It would be the first time ever that a major predator was moved inter-continentally to reestablish a population where it had once been, and India is working hard to make sure it goes well.

The majestic cheetah, iconic of the African bush, once roamed an area from the steppes of Turkey all the way to the dry forests and grasslands of India’s western and central regions.

Now critically endangered, perhaps fewer than 50 Asiatic cheetahs are alive today, and are found only in Iran, with Indian monarchs hunting the animal to extinction in the subcontinent by the 1950s. 20 years later, a significant reintroduction effort was made with the Asiatic cheetah from Iran, but successes never materialized.

“Indira Gandhi was very keen on bringing back the cheetah,” said Dr. M. K. Ranjitsinh, to the Indian Express. “The negotiations went well and Iran promised us the cheetah, but our potential release sites needed to be upgraded with an increase in prey base and greater protection. Moreover, during the process, the Emergency was declared in the country and soon after the Shah of Iran fell.”

“As a flagship species, the conservation of the cheetah will revive grasslands and its biomes and habitat, much like Project Tiger has done for forests and all the species that have seen their numbers go up,” he added.

CHECK OUT: Two Cheetah Cubs Born to Surrogate Mother in World’s First Successful IVF Operation to Save the Big Cats

Chair of the Wildlife Trust of India, and former Director for Wildlife of the Indian Government—essentially the Indian version of David Attenborough—Ranjitsinh is working with a national private-public-non-profit team that’s assessing and building a comprehensive plan for the arrival of the spotted sprinter.

Hope for grasslands

Ranjitsinh explains how the forests of India receive an enormous amount of conservation support, while the grasslands, subject to clearance for decades because of a strong focus on agriculture, get very little.

LOOK: McDonalds is Turning Dozens of Roadside Billboards into ’Bee Hotels’ in Sweden

In fact, many of the animals that make their home among India’s forests and grasslands, such as the Chital deer, evolved to escape cheetahs. Furthermore, often the species that are under the strictest national protection are actually animals of the plains, that merely wander into the forests occasionally, or who have had their grassland homes replaced with forests to make room for tigers and leopards.

Ideally, the reintroduction program will involve the transfer about 35-40 animals from the two African nations to between four and five sites to ensure natural disasters or poaching can’t ruin the project all at once.

MORE: Top 10 Species Discovered in 2020 Include a Harry Potter Snake and Desert-Dwelling Broccoli

Six sites are being considered for the reintroduction program. The first four, Kuno and Madhav National Parks, and Gandhi Sagar and Nauradehi Wildlife Sanctuaries, are in the state of Madhya Pradesh. Mukundara Hills Tiger Reserve and Shergarh Wildlife Sanctuary are also being considered—both of which are located in the state of Rajasthan, in which the Taj Mahal can also be found.

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Senior Takes Hundreds of Thank-you Cards to Truck Stops During Pandemic to Show Drivers Her Gratitude

CBC

A little kindness can go along way, and that’s certainly true for one Canadian senior who’s getting a lot of mileage by handing out personalized thank-you cards to long-haul truckers.

CBC

When the pandemic hit in 2020, supply shortages quickly followed. Caught in the middle were the men and women responsible for transporting the goods in their big rigs.

After viewing several news stories in which drivers detailed some of the harsh realities of trucking in the age of COVID-19—like not being allowed to use restrooms or being forced to stay in their cabs for hours at a time after crossing the border—Beverly Perrin decided these unsung essential workers deserved some kudos.

Last April, Perrin and her husband, Dick, began delivering batches of between 75 to 100 personalized thank-you cards every three to four weeks to a truck-stop near their Chatham home in Ontario. To date, they’re up to a grand total of about 1,000 cards.

“When I first started doing it, they just kind of looked at me like, ‘Really?’” Perrin told CBC news. “One trucker asked me, ‘How much do I pay you?’ [I told him] it’s just from me to you, as a senior—that we so appreciate you.”

RELATED: Coronavirus Patient Who Couldn’t Talk Thanked Hospital Staff With Violin Serenade – WATCH

Each one of Perrin’s notes contains the same message: “Thank you so much for bringing supplies to our stores. Even though it is sometimes under harsh circumstances. Take care. Stay safe. God’s blessing on you always. Love Beverly Perrin, a very grateful senior.”

Friends acquainted with the Perrins say even though Bev’s massive missive gesture is somewhat unusual, it’s totally in keeping with her outgoing character. “My husband and I do service for other people,” she told CBC. “I get more out of it than they get from me.”

MORE: Town Surprises UPS Driver With $1,000 to Thank Him For Being Essential During Pandemic

We guess you could say that when it comes to acts of pure, unadulterated kindness, for this inveterate thank-you note writer, “the truck stops here.”

(WATCH the CBC video with Beverly below.)

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“The largest part of what we call ‘personality’ is determined by how we’ve opted to defend ourselves against anxiety and sadness.” – Alain de Botton

Quote of the Day: “The largest part of what we call ‘personality’ is determined by how we’ve opted to defend ourselves against anxiety and sadness.” – Alain de Botton

Photo by: Max Bender

With a new inspirational quote every day, atop the perfect photo—collected and archived on our Quote of the Day page—why not bookmark GNN.org for a daily uplift?

Bike Tires That Need No Air Are Made From NASA Rover Tech –But Soon Will Be Available to Any Cyclist

SMART Tire Company

Originally invented by NASA for use on lunar and Mars rover missions, there’s a new kind of bicycle tire that’s elastic like rubber yet strong like titanium. It exhibits perfect shape memory without ever going flat. Essentially, it’s the tire of dreams.

SMART Tire Company

Made in gold, silver, and metallic blue, METL tires are made from advanced, lightweight materials known as NiTinol+.

They’re the first-ever consumer application of the alloy tire technology NASA will use to get future rover missions out on rough terrain without a hiccup (or puncture). And they’re being developed as a partnership with the startup SMART Tire Company.

“Cyclists will not be able to wait to get their hands on these cool-looking, space-age tires that don’t go flat,” says Earl Cole, former Survivor: Fiji champion and CEO of SMART, in a statement.

“The unique combination of these advanced materials, coupled with a next generation, eco-friendly design make for a revolutionary product.”

SMART was founded in 2020 by Cole and blockchain engineer Brian Yennie. Together with former NASA engineering intern Calvin Young, the SMART team has consulted with inventors at NASA Glenn Research Center to bring the power of shape memory alloy tire technology to the general public.

NASA

Thanks to their ability to undergo phase transitions at the molecular level under strain, these alloys are unlike any other material, exhibiting thirty times the recoverable strain of ordinary steel.

In other words, according to Darrell Etherington at TechCrunch, NASA’s key development has been in “creating an alloy that can return to their shape at the molecular level, meaning they can deform to adapt to uneven terrain, including obstacles like gravel and potholes, and return to their shape without losing structural integrity over time.”

MORE: This Clever Attachment Makes Any Bicycle an E-Bike in Just Seconds – And it’s a Much Cheaper Method

What’s more, SMART’s METL tires are good for the planet, utilizing long-lasting materials that reduce rubber waste. The ultimate plan? For these tires to become established as the premier high-tech component for the modern cyclist across road, gravel, mountain, and e-bike applications.

“Shape memory alloys look extremely promising in revolutionizing the entire terrestrial tire industry,” says Santo Padula, Materials Science Engineer at NASA, “and that’s just the tip of the iceberg.”

METL tires will be available for the cycling community in early 2022 before hopefully reaching the car industry and beyond. And SMART has also partnered with the leading micro-mobility provider, Spin, to develop SMA tires for e-scooters.

RELATED: Insert This On Your Bike Wheel to Filter the Air Pollution While You Cycle

Bicycle tires that are immune to punctures even on the most pot-holed roads? Hands up if you can’t wait to take this new tech out for a spin.

(WATCH the Mashable video about this innovation below.)

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Watch the Lifesaving Moment a Man Topples Backwards Off a Balcony—But a Bystander Catches His Foot

SWNS

This is the incredible moment a man escaped almost certain death when he toppled backwards off a balcony—but gets saved when a bystander catches his foot.

SWNS

CCTV footage shows a group of men lining up to collect their labor pensions on the second-floor balcony of a bank in Kerala, South India.

In the video, one of the men can be seen slowly swaying back and forth before leaning backwards and tumbling off the concrete balcony ledge.

A quick-thinking bystander springs into action—grabbing his foot as he goes over.

Others can be seen rushing over to the aid of the unconscious man, eventually pulling him back to safety.

CHECK OUT: Trucker Hero Pulls Over When He Sees ‘Frantic’ Man Running Up Highway After Wreck Flings His Toddler into the Dark

The man, known locally as Binu, was later taken to the nearest hospital. It’s reported that he did not sustain any injuries and is now safe—with his black-out having been caused by an unexplained medical episode.

Here at GNN, we’re wishing him the best of health.

(WATCH the SWNS video of Binu being saved below.)

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Chimps From Two Czech Zoos are Zooming Each Other Every Day

Sheku Koroma
Sheku Koroma

If there was anyone in our society who didn’t know how to use Zoom, they do now. The demand for the superior video call platform has obliterated all others over the course of the pandemic, and its popularity is even crossing the species boundary.

Chimpanzees at two Czech zoos are, like the rest of us, staying in contact via Zoom, as the zoo staff seek to give them some company and stimulation during the long hours of isolation.

Chimp gang Dingo, Babeta, Bonnie, Suzi, Chispi and Mat at Safari Park Dvur Kralove have had their lives Zoom-displayed on giant screens in front of the simians at a Brno Zoo enclosure 90 miles away, and vice versa.

There are no confusions over whether the default speaker is selected, or if the mute button is on, as the sound off entirely, but that hasn’t stopped the two groups from enjoying the company of their cousins.

MORE: Nat Geo Series Follows Rescued Chimpanzees in Sanctuary Where High Jinx is Job One

Reuters reports that it didn’t always seem like a family reunion. “At the beginning they approached the screen with defensive or threatening gestures,” said Gabriela Linhartova, one of the ape keepers at Dvur Kralove Zoo east of Prague.

“It has since moved into the mode of ‘I am in the movies’ or ‘I am watching TV’. When they see some tense situations, it gets them up off the couch, like us when we watch a live sport event,” she said.

CHECK OUT: Jane Goodall Gets Tender Hug From Chimp Before its Release

While observing the others’ day-to-day lives, the chimps have taken to other human behaviors, such as shoveling things like peanuts into their mouths while they watch— reminding this author of the “junk food movie nights” of his childhood.

READ: Adorable Pictures Show A Critically Endangered Female Chimpanzee Cradling Her Newborn Baby

There is a live stream on the zoo’s website where the calls—streamed daily from 8AM to 4PM CET—will continue until the end of this month at least.

(WATCH the Arirang News segment about the chimp friends below.)

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Just One Day After Completing CPR Training, a Teen Saves Her Friend’s Life Using Procedure She’d Just Learned

A'zarria Simmons left; Torri'ell Norwood right/Torri'ell Norwood

Even though CPR is one of the most important lessons we can learn, it’s also something we hope we’ll never have to use. Can you imagine just completing a life-saving training course and then having to test out your skills the very next day—on your best friend?

A’zarria Simmons left; Torri’ell Norwood right/Torri’ell Norwood

St. Petersburg teen Torri’ell Norwood was behind the wheel of her car when it was T-boned by a speeding driver. The crash hurled the car containing 16-year-old Norwood and her three passengers across someone’s front lawn, where the car barreled into a tree.

After the force of the impact crushed Norwood’s door, she was forced to climb through her window to get out. Two of her passengers, both unhurt, were also able to extricate themselves from the vehicle.

The crashed car/Torri’ell Norwood

But as they started to make their way clear of the wreckage, Norwood realized that her friend A’zarria Simmons was still in the car.

“When I turned around, I didn’t see A’zarria running with us,” Norwood told CNN. “So, I had to run back to the car as fast as I can. She was just sitting there unresponsive.”

Simmons had hit her head on a rear passenger window. The blunt-force trauma resulted in life-threatening injuries.

After pulling Simmons from the car, Norwood checked her vital signs. Unable to detect a pulse, she immediately began employing the CPR techniques she’d so recently learned on Simmons.

MORE: Teen Collects 30,000 Pairs of Shoes to Donate ‘Dignity’ to LA Homeless

Norris had administered 30 compressions and two rescue breaths when Simmons regained consciousness. Paramedics arrived shortly thereafter and transported Simmons to the nearest Florida hospital.

Norwood learned her lifesaving skills at Lakewood High School’s Athletic Lifestyle Management Academy. Her instructor, Erika Miller, was both awed and astonished by her student’s stellar performance.

Miller noted that most of her former students never have cause to use their CPR training until they’re studying to become nurses or EMTs. “But not while they were still a student of mine or definitely not within 24 hours,” she told CNN, adding proudly: “This is what every teacher dreams of, you know, that somebody listens, pays attention, learns something.”

CHECK OUT: Teen from Wildfire-Hit Town Wins $250k Scholarship for Awesome Explanation of Quantum Tunneling

When Simmons woke up in the hospital, she didn’t remember the accident, but there’s little doubt she’ll ever forget the BFF who’d paid attention in class—and saved her life.

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“When everything seems to be going against you, remember that the airplane takes off against the wind, not with it.” – Henry Ford

Quote of the Day: “When everything seems to be going against you, remember that the airplane takes off against the wind, not with it.” – Henry Ford

Photo by: David Vilches

With a new inspirational quote every day, atop the perfect photo—collected and archived on our Quote of the Day page—why not bookmark GNN.org for a daily uplift?

How to Turn Plastic Waste From Your Recycle Bin Into Profit

Nathan Shaiyen/Michigan Tech, CC license

This article, by Joshua M. Pearce of Michigan Technological University, has been republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license.

Nathan Shaiyen/Michigan Tech, CC license

People will recycle if they can make money doing so. In places where cash is offered for cans and bottles, metal and glass recycling has been a great success. Sadly, the incentives have been weaker for recycling plastic.

But now, several technologies have matured that allow people to recycle waste plastic directly by 3D-printing it into valuable products, at a fraction of their normal cost. People are using their own recycled plastic to make decorations and gifts, home and garden products, accessories and shoes, toys and games, sporting goods and gadgets from millions of free designs.

This approach is called distributed recycling and additive manufacturing, or DRAM for short.

As a professor of materials engineering at the forefront of this technology, I can explain—and offer some ideas for what you can do to take advantage of this trend.

How DRAM works

The DRAM method starts with plastic waste—everything from used packaging to broken products.

From trash to treasure – the DRAM flowchart. Joshua M. Pearce, CC license

The first step is to sort and wash the plastic with soap and water or even run it through the dishwasher. Next, the plastic needs to be ground into particles. For small amounts, a cross-cut paper/CD shredder works fine. For larger amounts, open-source plans for an industrial waste plastic granulator are available online.

Next you have a few choices. You can convert the particles into 3D printer filament using a recyclebot, a device that turns ground plastic into the spaghetti-like filaments used by most low-cost 3D printers.

Filament made with a 3D-printable recyclebot is incredibly cheap, costing less than a nickel per pound as compared to commercial filament, which costs about US$10 per pound or more. With the pandemic interrupting global supply chains, making products at home from waste is even more appealing.

CHECK OUT: We Use 6 Billion Face Masks a Day—But Scientists Have a Genius Way to Turn Them Into Roads

The second approach is newer: You can skip the step of making filament and use fused particle fabrication to directly 3D-print granulated waste plastic into products. This approach is most amenable to large products on larger printers, like the commercial open source GigabotX printer, but can also be used on desktop printers.

Granulated plastic waste can also be directly printed with a syringe printer, although this is less popular because print volume is limited by the need to reloading the syringe.

My research group, along with dozens of labs and companies throughout the world, has developed a wide array of open source products that enable DRAM, including shredders, recyclebots and both fused filament and fused particle 3D printers.

RELATED: Scientists Turn Plastic Waste Into Valuable Commodities, to Create a Bigger Market for Waste Materials

These devices have been shown to work not only with the two most popular 3D printing plastics, ABS and PLA, but also a long list of plastics you likely use every day, including PET water bottles. It is now possible to convert any plastic waste with a recycling symbol on it into valuable products.

Furthermore, an “ecoprinting” initiative in Australia has demonstrated DRAM can work in isolated communities with no recycling and no power by using solar-powered systems. This makes DRAM applicable anywhere humans live, waste plastic is abundant and the Sun shines – which is just about everywhere.

Toward a circular economy

Research has shown this approach to recycling and manufacturing is not only better for the environment, but it is also highly profitable for individual users making their own products, as well as for small- and medium-sized businesses. Making your own products from open source designs simply saves you money.

From waste to filament to a camera tripod. Joshua M. Pearce, CC license

DRAM allows custom products to be made for less than the sales tax on conventional consumer products. Millions of free 3D-printable designs already exist—everything from learning aids for kids to household products to adaptive aids for arthritis sufferers. Prosumers are already 3D-printing these products, saving themselves collectively millions of dollars.

One study found MyMiniFactory users saved over $4 million in one month alone in 2017 just by making toys themselves, instead of purchasing them. Consumers can invest in a desktop 3D printer for around US$250 and earn a return on investment of over 100% by making their own products. The return on investment goes higher if they use recycled plastic. For example, using a recyclebot on waste computer plastic makes it possible to print 300 camera lens hoods for the same price as a single one on Amazon.

Individuals can also profit by 3D-printing for others. Thousands are offering their services in markets like Makexyz, 3D Hubs, Ponoko, or Print a Thing.

The Gigabot X 3D printer makes larger items. Samantha Snabes/re:3D, CC license

Small companies or fab labs can purchase industrial printers like the GigabotX and make returns by printing large sporting goods equipment like snowshoes, skateboard decks and kayak paddles from local waste.

Scaling up

Large companies that make plastic products already recycle their own waste. Now, with DRAM, households can too. If many people start recycling their own plastic, it will help prevent the negative impact that plastic is having on the environment. In this way DRAM may provide a path to a circular economy, but it will not be able to solve the plastic problem until it scales up with more users. Luckily we are already on our way.

3D printer filament is now listed in Amazon Basics along with other “everyday items,” which indicates plastic-based 3D printers are becoming mainstream. Most families still do not have an in-home 3D printer, let alone a reyclebot or GigabotX.

MORE: The Ever-Growing Pile of Electronic Waste is Now On the Decline, Study Finds

For DRAM to become a viable path to the circular economy, larger tools could be housed at neighborhood-level enterprises such as small local businesses, makerspaces, fabrication labs or even schools. France is already studying the creation of small businesses that would pick up plastic waste at schools to make 3D filament.

I remember saving box tops to help fund my grade school. Future students may bring leftover plastic from home (after making their own products) to help fund their schools using DRAM.

The ConversationWritten by Joshua M. Pearce, Wite Professor of Materials Science & Engineering, and Electrical & Computer Engineering, Michigan Technological University. Read the original article here.

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